The Tenets Of Critical Realism - 840 Words

My adherence to the tenets of critical realism informs my teaching philosophy. Students’ background, beliefs, abilities, values, skills, engagement style, and adherence to social work values and standards are different in every class. Instructors should assess, evaluate and incorporate students’ diverse knowledge, competencies, and experience into teaching goals to enhance their learning experiences. I believe that engaging students, getting them excited about course content, the learning process, and the values and standards of social work practice are the vital tasks of a social work instructor in addition to informing students the course content. This can be achieved by providing students opportunities to express and discuss subject matters, and reflect on their strengths, understand contradictions, handle criticism well, and integrate feedbacks in their learning. Additionally, I see my role as a motivator by sensitizing students to social, cultural, clinical and political (policy-related) issues. I have seen that most students find their motivation to be a social worker from the aim of helping others; however, professional social workers’ motivation needs to be aligned to the knowledge and understanding of social work ethical values, principles, and standards. I emphasize with my students frequently, even in the research class, that having a good goal, intention, and h eart may not necessarily make them professional social work practitioners. Discussion around students’Show MoreRelatedSummary Of The Tenets Of Waldorf Curriculum983 Words   |  4 PagesThe Waldorf Education curriculum, founded by Radolf Stainer, is based on his educational philosophy, anthroposophy. This philosophy is described as critical idealism. The ideal philosophy treats the child as a spirit and the education approach/practice aims at liberating the spiritual essence of the child to remove any hindrances and obstacles and ensure that the inherent childs talents are exposed for later service of humanity. The pedagogy of Waldorf involves the gradual and natural unfoldingRead MoreThe Treaty Of Nuclear Weapons1691 Words   |  7 PagesMiddle East. The areas suffering from the persistent conflict would also continue posing problems to the NPT since there was likelihood of the states increasing in the weapons whenever they got worried of the security needs of their countr ies. The realism understanding of the NPT is that it results from the theories of the rational deterrence and the tradition of the prudence (Martin, 2004). It offers an explanation that routinely mentions the reasons for the states abstaining from the use of nuclearRead MoreClassical Realism Vs. Marxism1544 Words   |  7 Pageshuman conflict and their subsequent analyses, Classical Realism remains the most compelling theory of those recognised in the study of International Relations (IR). Predating idealist dogma, the sombre chronicles of ancient Greek historian Thucydides served as a preliminary framework for a series of timeless texts that remain as applicable in the current political climate as they had been centuries prior. A distinguishing feature of Classical Realism is its pessimistic interpretation of human nature andRead More An Analysis of The Dominate Perspectives of International Political Economy1532 Words   |  7 Pagesthe other . Security, and the accumulation of wealth to pay for the costs of the security, is therefore now considered to be the most important aspects of realism/mercantilism and states now use the economy as a way to generate more wealth and more power . nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Liberalism was a reaction against the policies of realism/mercantilism. The French philosophers ‘The Physiocrats’ condemned the interference of the government in the economy; they advocated a more ‘Laissez-faire’Read MoreRussia s National Security And Geopolitical Motives1486 Words   |  6 Pagesinto the spotlight in March. Fortunately, analysts can always draw on the traditional tools of international relations to help explain these events. Although no single critical theory can describe all parts of an event, in combination, these perspectives paint a clear picture of the conflict. In the case of Ukraine, Mearsheimer s realism provides a strong explanation for Russia s national security and geopolitical motives, but falls short of explaining the nuances. In discussing the relevant historicalRead MoreIs Realism an Obsolete Theory, or Is It More Relevant Than Ever?1872 Words   |  8 PagesRealism, as a way of interpreting interna tional relations has often been conceived to be closely tied to the Cold War. Realism, rooted in the experience of World War II and the Cold War, is said to be undergoing a crisis of confidence largely because the lessons adduced do not convincingly apply directly to the new realities of international relations in the twenty-first century (Clinton 2007:1) Worse still, if policymakers steadfastly adhere to realist precepts, they will have to navigate â€Å"theRead MorePolitical Realism in Morgenthaus Six Points2540 Words   |  10 PagesDeviations from a coherent system of irrationality: Political Realism in Morgenthaus Six Points Hans Morgenthau set out to present a theory of international politics (1948, revised 1985, p. 3) which would be tested by its empiricism and ruthless pragmatism (Snyder, 2004, p. 3). This essay identifies Morgenthaus definition of scope, purpose and concepts underlying a theoretical structure initially set out in six points in Politics Among Nations, identifies the structure holding these componentsRead MoreAll things considered, the contradictions over outside arrangements between the US and different800 Words   |  4 Pagesdetermined participation with different states to accomplish normal and aggressive points of multilateral choice making, financial globalization, non-expansion, advancement of human rights, and the spread of opportunity. If nations don’t play by the tenets, the world group can seclude them strategically and force investment sanctions. However the utilization of military energy while transactions are going on is foolish, regardless of the possibility th at the other side utilization power, in light ofRead MoreI Appreciate Barbour s Praiseworthy And Toilsome Effort914 Words   |  4 PagesWittgenstein’s view of the truthfulness of an idea. According to Wittgenstein, while our â€Å"foundational† beliefs can never be fully justified by neutral and non-committed reasoning , these basic beliefs are partially given as they form a network of reliable sub-tenets that supports our beliefs. Thus, â€Å"It is useless to say that God makes his revelation self-authenticating.† On the other hand, as Dr. Kà ¤rkkà ¤inen astutely points out, â€Å"This acknowledgement does not mean that there is no place for certaintyRead MoreFeminism and Constructivism: A Comparison2645 Words   |  11 Pagestheories of neorealism and neoliberalism to critical re-evaluations. As a result, constructivism is a concept that has emerged as an alternative approach to dominant IR theories. It focuses on the importance of state identities in defining and gaining knowledge of state interests, actions and goals. There are theorists who purport that the rise of constructivism allows for a further understanding of another international theory, feminism. This is a branch of critical social theory that illlustrates how gender

Advance Criminology Free Essays

From the beginning of the world, there are two terms generated among the human beings i.e. Peace and Crime, not only in the Human being but also among the creatures of world. We will write a custom essay sample on Advance Criminology or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"Crime is an activity prohibited or not authorized by law that may be punishable by the governing authority†. Generally, the offence begins among the people for the following reasons i.e. money, property, and women. There are several types of offences committed in all the communities, when it became serious it got the face of Cognizable and if it is simple in nature  Ã‚   it is called Non cognizable.   The cognizable offices are usually serious in nature. Mostly the crimes committed by the youth are Theft, Robbery, Dacoit, Murders etc.   Because the youth are prone to do any illegal acts to achieve something or due to aberration by the Political leaders, adults as well as parents. Other than youth, the following crimes may occur like Assault, Cheating, Forgery, Nuisance etc. if the weapons are used by the youth then it become very serious crime which is called Cognizable offence. But predominantly the sexual offences are occurred by youth only, like Adultery, Bigamy,   Rape Where the question of committing the offence of Rape a youth may do it to overcome his passion or to fulfill his sexual desire or any enmity with that particular female.    Where the question of sexual offence is concerned, It is not true to say that only Males commit crime, while females are with the par avian of males in the same manner. The punishment for any cognizable offence is Death sentence, life imprisonment, 10 years imprisonment fine or both respectively. In the present scenario of the world mostly sexual offences are in frequency among the youth, because new generation became independent. â€Å"Since the early 1990’s, youth violence has become a policy priority at entry level of American Government†[2]. Every body yearn for freedom with all respect and more over there are lot of facilities to make contact with each other by means of communications like, through Cell, Internet etc and as well as there is no provision on International Level. Where as property matters are concerned crimes may occur in non cognizable comparison to other criminal offences. On the other hand crime is based on gender; race like Black, White, but this issue is mostly in U.S.A. As per  the History of USA  Blacks were not always been given an opportunities of juries, and they have been assassinated for the little violation of existing law and many of these killings occurred without any legal process. Though the Supreme court has done efficient control over this, yet the system could not eliminate racial bias. On the other hand the Carolyn Snurkowski of the Florida attorney generally office believes that the disproportionate number of blacks on death row   can explain the fact that, Many black murders result from barroom brawls that   wouldn’t call for the death penalty, but many white murders occur   on top of another offense, such as robbery† (as cited in Gest,1986.) This may be true but the Washington legal Foundation says that â€Å"blacks are arrested for murder at a higher rate than whites.† Violence has become a part of accepted backdrop in United States; there are also stringent laws to curtail them[3]. What we need now is social investment which will drive out the crimes most effectively. It is the time to act on that lines or else the next generations will feel the mistakes done by the present generation. Ultimately there is no end of crime and offences are being committed by youth It is true that we cannot find any country where there is no crime. It is also fact that there is no end of crime till the Doomsday. Bibliography:   1.Encyclopedia â€Å" Crime† †, wikipedia, U.S,   04:12, 13 December 2007 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crime 2.Book Franklin E. Zimring, American youth violence, New York, 1998.   3. Newspaper Article on the Internet Elliott Currie â€Å"Crime and Punishment in America† New York Times, 1998. Metropolitan http://www.nytimes.com/books/first/c/currie-crime.html â€Å" Crime† †, wikipedia, U.S,   04:12, 13 December 2007   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crime [2] Franklin E. Zimring, American youth violence, New York, 1998 [3] Elliott Currie â€Å"Crime and Punishment in America† New York Times, 1998. Metropolitan http://www.nytimes.com/books/first/c/currie-crime.html How to cite Advance Criminology, Papers

Effects of Antenatal Exercise Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Effects of Antenatal Exercise on Pregnant Women. Answer: Introduction It is common for every woman to face various complexities during the time of the pregnancy and can have permanent damage to the body of the women. The weight of the foetus can have excessive pressures on the pelvic region of the women and can result in the muscle cramp and also have poor movement in the circulation of the blood there by causing varicose of the vein along with oedema. Hence, in order to prevent the damage of the pelvic muscle and bone, it is essential for every pregnant woman to follow certain strict schedule of physical activities and exercise, which can help to deal with all the complexities in the pelvic region of the pregnant individual. The pelvic anatomy forms a major part of the physiology of the human. There are many previously conducted research work that are done in evaluating the value of the antenatal exercises in the context of the pregnant mother. The current research work aims to critically evaluate the effects of the antenatal exercises that can have positive effects on the health condition of the women, who is expected to become mother. The relevant current literature about the positive effects of antenatal exercises is discussed, which is followed by proposed methods and data analysis that needs to be applied for the research work. Background and Literature review The aim of the current section is to discuss all the relevant literature that is needed in the context of the research work. The effect of an antenatal physical exercise on the obese and overweight pregnant women Nascimento et al. (2011) have mentioned about the concerns that are related with the total rise in the number of obese and overweight patients that is responsible for causing extra physical complexities during the time of pregnancy. According to the parameters of the World Health Organization the level of obesity among an individual can be measured with the help of Body mass index ratio, where anything above 30 kg per square meter is considered to be in the mode of obesity. Dodd et al. (2010) have added in the context that obesity during the time of pregnancy can have extra risks to both the condition of the women and also upon the unborn foetus. Due to the fact of the growing baby and the weight is causing extra pressure on the pelvic region of the mother, it is important in this condition to have the extra cautious. There is also high level of complicacy during the time of delivery of the baby for the fact that the growth of the foetus do not occurs normally due to the excess amount of fats that are present in the pelvic region of the uterus of the mother. The complexity can be associated with the gastrointestinal development can cause diabetes mellitus. The problems of obesity within the mother can have complications in the newly developed baby and can cause metabolic syndrome and macro dome. There can be also high level of complications in the brain development of the child that can cause weak memory and poor cognitive development. According to Oteng-Ntim et al. (2012), it is important in the context that there are no such proper treatment techniques that can help the developing mother to overcome these health challenges after the delivery of the baby is complete. Hence, it is important for the mother to adopt regular exercises that can them to minimize the adverse effects that are caused upon the children. Among all the intervention methods, it can be said that the physical exercise is the best way to resolve the issues related to the overweight and obesity. Choi et al. (2013) have also recommended about the importance of the change of the lifestyle that can help to deal with all the issues related to obesity and overweight during the time of pregnancy. Physical Exercise during Pregnancy According to the findings of Thangaratinam et al. (2012), the women, who are physically more active during the time of pregnancy has the chance of having more healthy baby. On the other hand, Quinlivan et al. (2011) have highlighted about the fact that it is important for the expected mother to pay extra attention and take necessary precautions while doing excursive during the time of pregnancy as there are risks of causing permanent damage to the foetus and cause permanent damage to the brain development. Light excursive are the one that needs to be adopted that do not cause much exhaustion. Providing accurate and correct information about the physical exercise related the development and various times of pregnancy is one of the most important aspects in the given case. The Antenatal care is one of the most effective forms of physical exercise advice care that is needed for the pregnant women. These types of exercise can have the most effective positive effects on the physical health on the pregnant ladies as it causes relaxation to the pelvic region of the women and help them to relax the pressure that is caused due to the weight of the growing child (Sui et al. 2012). The women who have low bone mineral density however, gas the risk that is caused due to the fact that they do not have the intensity to bear the weight of the growing child. The women, who have been suffering from the obesity and overweight problems also, may face challenge to practice the antenatal exercise as they have the risks that can further damage the pelvic bones of the individual. The home based intervention that can have the effects of the physical exercise, which can have relaxing attitude towards every pregnant woman. As it is not possible for the women to travel to any locations, it is important for them in the context to provide home based physical inversions that is need for their situation. The level and the intensity of the physical exercise will also depends on the stage of the frequency as due to the growing size of the baby, it is not possible for the mother to move freely and perform the physical activity movement. Effects of Physical activities by the pregnant women According to the guidelines of the American College of Obstetrician and Guidelines, it is recommended for the every physically fit pregnant woman to regularly have the habit of physical exercise, which will help them to maintain both physical and mental well-being. During the period of pregnancy, it is common for every women to have mood swings disorders as it is a unique period of every womens life due to the fact that the level of various hormones are highly altered, which is needed to take care of the needs of the developing foetus. The negative emotional thoughts can have serious effects on the mental behaviour of the women. With the help of the physical exercise on regular levels, it is possible to deal with the ideas of the mental health issues within women (Renault et al. 2014). The psychological and mental well-being of the individual during the time of pregnancy is essential to avoid all forms of complications and also ensure good health of the children. With the help of the antenatal exercises it is possible to deal with all the major mental and psychological challenges of the pregnant woman. The psychological conditions of the women also depends on the stage of the pregnancy and thus the level of antenatal exercises that needs to be practiced also depends on the types of exact psychological stage of the women. Hence, one of the main advantages of the antenatal exercises is that it can be applied at every stage of the pregnancy according to the needs and the demand of the pregnant lady. Moreover, due to the fact that the antenatal exercises has not been shown to have any side-effects, it is one of the most scientifically proven ways to deal with the all levels of complications that are associated during the time of pregnancy. It is also evident for the fa cts that regular practice of the antenatal exercises can also improve upon the physical health condition of the women. Pelvic floor exercises during pregnancy It is the duty of all pregnant ladies to deal with all the consequences of the complications that is common during the time of pregnancy. According to Al Mamun et al. (2014), there is huge pressure that is exerted on the pelvic muscle that can sustain the weight of the growing baby. All the pelvic organs are well supported with the help of the pelvic muscle that has the duty to deal with the consequence of the extra pressure during the time of pregnancy. The pelvic floor muscles are the main composition of the pelvic joints that has the ability to support the weight of the growing baby. The pelvic floor muscle stretches like a muscular trampoline from the area of tailbone till the public bone. The practice of the antenatal exercises is proved to be the best ways to deal with the healthy pelvic muscle for the pregnant lady that can ensure that growth rate of the foetus occurs properly and there are no complications in the overall process. Problem Statement and Research questions The problem for this research is the complications that are faced by the women during the time of pregnancy due to excessive pressure in the pelvic muscle. What are the effects and importance of physical exercises on the pregnant lady? What are the effects of the antenatal exercises that can have positive effects on the health status of both mother and her unborn child? What are risks that are associated with the antenatal exercises that harm the health of both mother and her unborn child? Methodology The aim of the methodology section is to highlight the methods and the techniques that are used to conduct the resect work and also highlight the importance of research techniques that are being applied in the given research work. In this particular research work, the investigators will use certain fixed Research Design that is perfect for the analysis of the given research work. The methodology section also includes the data collection and data analysis portion which is applied to evaluate the importance of antenatal exercise for pregnant women. Research Design The design of the research has to be selected on the basis of knowledge and information that are available with the researcher. In general the researchers usually have six types of Research Design that can we use to conduct any academic work. The Research Design provides the overall strategy and techniques that needs to be integrated for applying in the practical research work. It is also important to apply coherent and logical ways to actively address the issues related to the research work. The overall blueprint of the research along with data collection techniques needs to be incorporated within the Research Design section. Lady search design also decides the data collection techniques and also analysis. The type of Research Design depends on the area of the subject of the research and also the research problem. The type of the Research Design applied also depends on the amount of data and information available in the particular domain of research work. Bauer (2014) has mentioned about the descriptive Research Design where various techniques are used to collect data and also make proper analysis. In this case the data are collected from observational techniques which help in the in-depth analysis of the research area. This type of Research Design is mainly used in analysis and also to deal with the data that are available from the case study. There is also the semi experimental Research Design that is used for research work related to field experiment and details scientific work. In this case the data collected from the field work using various scientific techniques and observational methods. The experimental Research Design on the other hand is based on examining random assignment that is related to the subject area of research. Literature review technique of Research Design is used in systematic review in order to collect data from previously conducted research work. In this technique the data that are collected in the previous be conducted research work is analysed and critically evaluated in order to make accurate conclusion for the research work. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of antenatal exercise for pregnant women in order to strengthen their pelvic floor muscle there are two types of Research Design that is being applied. With the help of systemic review it will be possible for the researcher to critically evaluate the previously conducted research work related to the exercise of women that is done during the time of pregnancy. With the help of Semi experimental research design techniques, it is possible to collect data from the pregnant women and get proper idea about the effectiveness of antenatal exercise. Research philosophy Lushey and Munro (2015) have mentioned about the importance of research philosophy in the context of relevant knowledge that are being applied in the research work. The positivism research philosophy helps to relate the collected data about the research topic along with previously use data. There is also the realism philosophy which uses general data of human perception to relate with the collected data of the research work. As the positivism philosophy is based on scientific evaluation methods and proper reliable Data Collection techniques, the current research work will use this philosophy in order to relate the data of the effects of different physical exercise on pregnant women. Research approach The two types of research approach that are mainly used by researchers include deductive and inductive approach. The Detective research approach uses general and specific modes in order to carry out and make conclusion about the research work. On the other hand inductive research approach uses new theories and models that can be applied to properly analyse the data (Bryman and Bell 2014). In the given case, both inductive and deductive mode of research approach is being applied in order to properly evaluate the effectiveness of physical exercise on pregnant women. Participants and Sampling the probability sampling techniques, the exact size of the sample is not fixed and the data is collected on random basis that are needed in the given case (Vaioleti 2016). On the other hand, in case of the non-probability sampling methods, the sample size is fixed from the beginning and the researcher will approach only the particular sample size in order to collect definite and fixed data. In the given research work the deserted village by non-probability sampling technique and will collect data only from 50 pregnant women and inquired them about their opinion regarding the physical exercises that are practiced during the time of pregnancy. The researchers will also select pregnant women at various stages of the pregnancy which will help them to better understand the effectiveness of physical exercise depending on particular stage of pregnancy. The researcher will also visit the Maternity ward unit obtain local hospitals in order to evaluate the condition and health status of new-born babies which will help them to evaluate the effect of physical exercise on the health of new-born babies. Data Collection Methods The collection of the data is the most important part of the research, which will help in the matters related to the data analysis and making suitable conclusion. There are 2 types of Data Collection techniques that can be used by the researchers. In primary data collection method information is directly collected from the sample size which includes by means of survey and interview (Silverman 2016). It is also important to select the questionnaires for the interview and survey. On the other hand the secondary data is collected from previously conducted research work of the same topic and relevant data from the past can pass be collected? In the current research for the researcher will collect both primary and secondary data which will help in the analysis of effects of antenatal exercise on the pelvic strengthening muscle of pregnant women. Data Analysis In the given research for work both quantitative and qualitative method of data analysis will be applied in order to properly evaluate the primary and secondary data that is collected from the pregnant women and also previously conducted research work. By proper application of data analysis techniques it will be possible for the research at to accurately predict the effects of antenatal exercise in pregnant women. Rigour The rigour of a research work ensure that only genuine and high quality data are being used for analysis and make conclusion on the research topic. In order to ensure that only scientific mode of data collected in the current research work the investigators have ensure proper data being collected from pregnant women who regularly practices antenatal exercise regularly by taking proper precautions and advice from physiotherapist. Ethical Issues The Ethics of the research work ensures that there are no unfair modes of research practice being applied to carry out the research work. In the current research work the investigators must ensure that proper care been taken off the pregnant women when collecting data from them and also ensure not to ask them any personal questions about their physical conditions. They also cannot import force upon any participants during the time they are denied of providing an answer Limitations The main limitation of the research work is that it is not possible for the investigators to collect detailed information about pregnant women as most of them will not be comfortable to share personal information. Hence, the research work and data analysis will have to be made with limited number of information. Conclusion The practice of the antenatal exercise is one of the best ways to ensure that the pelvic floor muscle of the pregnant women remains healthy. However, it is important to consider the fact that it is advisable to take help consultation from the psychotherapist, in order to practice any form of physical exercise during the time of pregnancy and also ensure that the health of both the mother and the unborn baby remains healthy. The current research work uses both primary and secondary data to evaluate the effects of the antenatal exercise on the pregnant women and also evaluate its effect on the pelvic floor muscle of the pregnant lady. Qualitative and quantitative data analysis research method is used in order to properly evaluate the collected data. Reference Al Mammon, A., Lawlor, D.A., Alati, R., O'callaghan, M.J., Williams, G.M. and Najman, J.M., 2006. Does maternal smoking during pregnancy have a direct effect on future offspring obesity? Evidence from a prospective birth cohort study. American journal of epidemiology, 164(4), pp.317-325. Bauer, G.R., 2014. Incorporating intersectionality theory into population health research methodology: Challenges and the potential to advance health equity. Social Science Medicine, 110, pp.10-17. Bryman, A. and Bell, E., 2014. Research methodology: Business and management contexts. Choi, J., Fukuoka, Y. and Lee, J.H., 2013. The effects of physical activity and physical activity plus diet interventions on body weight in overweight or obese women who are pregnant or in postpartum: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Preventive medicine, 56(6), pp.351-364. Dodd, J.M., Grivell, R.M., Crowther, C.A. and Robinson, J.S., 2010. Antenatal interventions for overweight or obese pregnant women: a systematic review of randomised trials. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics Gynaecology, 117(11), pp.1316-1326. Emodi, N.V. and Boo, K.J., 2015. Sustainable energy development in Nigeria: Current status and policy options. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 51, pp.356-381. Lushey, C.J. and Munro, E.R., 2015. Participatory peer research methodology: An effective method for obtaining young peoples perspectives on transitions from care to adulthood?. Qualitative Social Work, 14(4), pp.522-537. Nascimento, S.L., Surita, F.G. and Cecatti, J.G., 2012. Physical exercise during pregnancy: a systematic review. Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 24(6), pp.387-394. Nascimento, S.L., Surita, F.G., Parpinelli, M.A., Siani, S. and Pinto e Silva, J.L., 2011. The effect of an antenatal physical exercise programme on maternal/perinatal outcomes and quality of life in overweight and obese pregnant women: a randomised clinical trial. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics Gynaecology, 118(12), pp.1455-1463. Oteng-Ntim, E., Varma, R., Croker, H., Poston, L. and Doyle, P., 2012. Lifestyle interventions for overweight and obese pregnant women to improve pregnancy outcome: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC medicine, 10(1), p.47. Quinlivan, J.A., Julania, S. and Lam, L., 2011. Antenatal dietary interventions in obese pregnant women to restrict gestational weight gain to Institute of Medicine recommendations: a meta-analysis. Obstetrics Gynecology, 118(6), pp.1395-1401. Renault, K.M., Nrgaard, K., Nilas, L., Carlsen, E.M., Cortes, D., Pryds, O. and Secher, N.J., 2014. The Treatment of Obese Pregnant Women (TOP) study: a randomized controlled trial of the effect of physical activity intervention assessed by pedometer with or without dietary intervention in obese pregnant women. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 210(2), pp.134-e1. Silverman, D. ed., 2016. Qualitative research. Sage. Sui, Z., Grivell, R.M. and Dodd, J.M., 2012. Antenatal exercise to improve outcomes in overweight or obese women: a systematic review. Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica, 91(5), pp.538-545. Thangaratinam, S., Rogozi?ska, E., Jolly, K., Glinkowski, S., Roseboom, T., Tomlinson, J.W., Kunz, R., Mol, B.W., Coomarasamy, A. and Khan, K.S., 2012. Effects of interventions in pregnancy on maternal weight and obstetric outcomes: meta-analysis of randomised evidence. Bmj, 344, p.e2088. Tordo, S., Warner, M., Manzano, O. and Anouti, Y., 2013. Local content policies in the oil and gas sector. World Bank Publications. Vaioleti, T.M., 2016. Talanoa research methodology: A developing position on Pacific research. Waikato Journal of Education, 12(1)

My evaluation for Grease Essay Example

My evaluation for Grease Essay My film that I choose was Grease because it contains music, dancing and humor. It is a cross between comedy and teen movies. It is a tribute to the Broadway show of the 1950s. It was directed by Randal Klieser and was released on July 7th 1978. The music and dance scenes are what attracted me to Grease. My favorite characters are John Travolta and Jeff Conaway who play Danny and Kenickie. I like these two because they are your typical high school popular boys who are always looking out for each other, looking good and they are always trying to get the beautiful girls but at the same time acting cool like it doesnt bother them. I had high expectations of Grease and I lived up to each and every single one of them. I learnt about this film through television and newspapers. We used three simple words from everyday media. Firstly narrative is from the Latin word narra, meaning the way a story is told. Many theories have been applied to the creation of stories. Tzvetan Torodovs 5stages of narrative. He said that all plots had 5 major components. These 5 components are equilibrium, disruption, complications, climax and resolutions (also called new equilibrium. The story begins with a situation of normality although not necessarily a positive one. An event changes the story, which involves the struggle of the characters to restore the equilibrium or reach their goal. The story reaches a point where the equilibrium or goal hangs in the balance. Normally the equilibrium is restored or a new equilibrium is established. Grease used this theory because the equilibrium is Rydell high the normal high school, the disruption is when Sandy comes and knows Danny, the complications is that Danny cannot be with Sandy because she is too pure for him and he is the most po pular guy in school, the resolution is that Sandy turns into a bad girl and the climax is when Sandy and Danny end up together. We will write a custom essay sample on My evaluation for Grease specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on My evaluation for Grease specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on My evaluation for Grease specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Secondly genre is the French word meaning type. Genres may be approached by way of various critical avenues. In the Aristotelian strain we recognize genres as kinds within a system of classification. These categories beg further definition, so there is a history of, on the one hand, the refinement of divisions and subdivisions, and on the other a Platonic search for the essential qualities of tragedy, comedy, epic poetry, and so forth. By the recognition of genres we begin to find our way in the universe of verbal artifacts with their feigned discourses, and to train our expectations upon the experience that lies in wait for us. Greases genre is a hybrid genre because it is a cross between a comedy, a teen movie and romantic. Lastly representation is the act of representing or the state of being represented. Also it is something that represents an image, an account or statement, an expostulation or a presentation or production. For example the representation of the characters in Grease varies. Sandy is portrayed as a pure and innocent girl but on the other hand Rizzo is portrayed as a bad girl who is always getting into trouble and wont take anything from no one. Also Rizzo is sometimes mean to Sandy but when its to her face she is sweet and kind. This tells me that she is two faced. Also because Sandy is pure and innocent she is not aloud to join the pink ladies (this connotes girly, frilly, happy, lively and/or average girl). Also Danny is portrayed in two different ways. When Danny is with his friends he is a mean typical boy who only cares about himself. But on the other hand Danny completely transforms when he is around Sandy. He becomes a sweet and caring person who Sandy falls in love with. Grease creates suspense because it has so many different storylines and each have a particular ending. For example the will they wont they with Danny and Sandy will end with them getting together. Is Rizo pregnant? Obviously she is not. Also who will win the car race is obvious because they wouldnt create a film that where they lose. So really we expect certain endings in a teen movie. This works because in the time left from the main storyline, it is filled in with other small but prominent storylines which creates many different types of suspense. The bit that are stereotypical are that we know it is going to end like a fairy tale because it will all work out and everyone will live happily ever after. The mis-en-scenes are standard, the shot size varies from a standard to a birds-eye view to an extreme close up etc. the compositions are straight on and the lenses are standard. All of these help to tell the story because it gives it a normal typical high school day and adds effect because if it had abnormal technical analysis then it wouldnt match the genre, because it is a conventional American film. There was nothing really unique about the narrative because it followed all the codes and the technical analysis, so it didnt reinvent certain generic conventions or new narratives. The type of ending closes the film off and also the ending was effective because it was at a funfair, which connotes the idea of fun and happiness and it also denotes a typical end of school party in America. The characters are realistic and are normal people and they are also authentic and believable characters. The mis-en-scenes have al been constructed in a way that tells me that it is an average high school where there are normal students who go through and do everything normal teenagers go through e.g. dates. The locations are an American diner, a drive in, the driving race and the high school, which signifies that these are all the cool spots where the T-birds and The Pink Ladies hang out. There are not a lot of special effects except for when they are in the car chase and the car lifts off the ground and into a puddle when Danny is about to win the race. The women are represented in different ways especially the popular girls aka The Pink Ladies are shown as different people. For example Rizo is shown as a girl who will sleep with anyone; she puts it as getting her kicks while Im still young. Frenchy is a wanabe beauty stylist and ends up dropping out of high school to go to a beauty school, but after failing all her classes she enrolls back into high school, she is opposite to Rizo because she will not sleep with the first boy she sees. There are not a lot of ethnic minorities in Grease, so some could say its a racist film because it only has white people in it and although it is typical of this era there are few people from other countries in it, but they havent got main parts. There were no narratives that were ineffective because its a comedy the hilarity would overwrite any narrative you put with it. The audience would see through it and still think it was funny. The costumes of the characters match the film because back in the 70s they wore big long skirts and people could wear what they wanted without being judged. The men wore leather trousers and the women wore tight tops and big frilly skirts that whilst you were dancing and spinning the skirt would become a circle. The make up has same effect on the characters because not a lot of high school students would wear a lot of make up so they would put make up on but it would look natural. Different characters were shown in different ways. The popular guys and girls were shown always picking on those who were annoying or unpopular but it wasnt shown that much because they were too busy concentrating on themselves, how they looked and how they would solve there problems so it is an average that they didnt care about anyone but themselves and they were effective and had bourgeois (middle class values; they are very normal). The message that these narratives are trying to publicize is that Grease is a film that everyone can enjoy, but like every film it has its problems and also the purpose of the narrative is to make it seem that the film is funny and musical, but it shows teenagers facing problems that all students and people in general face in everyday life. So theres a contrast between the hilarity and the problems that teenagers go through. The genre and narrative connect together in a way that the narrative connotes a mainstream day and the genre connotes the comedy and romance, and this put together makes the film a funny normal film that anyone could enjoy if they wanted to. The soundtrack gave Grease the musical feel that it needed to become the smash hit was. The synchronization of the visual and the sound of Grease are connected in a way that if there were no visual Grease wouldnt be the great film it turned out to be and visa versa, this is a promotional strategy. In conclusion the target audience would have to be everyone because anyone can watch Grease because they will enjoy the storylines and the optimism. The most effective part about Grease is that there are not really any negative bits that cannot be resolved easily, because all round Grease the different storylines have made practically no mistakes in it. The four typicals are settings, tag names, genre, and narrative. The typical settings are the high school and the diners. The typical tag names is a blonde, an exchange student, the grunger, the rebel, the geek, the beautiful girl, the ugly girl, the stupid parents, the teacher and the popular guy. The typical genre is comedy, romance and a teen movie. Finally the typical narrative is Tzvetan Torodovs 5stages of narrative. The main things that I found out bout Grease was that the narrative and the settings were surprisingly good and the best bit of the film is that it is a mix of genre so it suits everybodys needs and the worse thing would have to be settings because all teen movies are always set in America and I personally think that they should set a Grease like film over in England.

cyber laws essays

cyber laws essays The concept idea of cyber terrorism has always been a great treat for computer technology since the first computer was invented in the late fifties; and grown up with the technology that has developed extremely. The use of the computers within the business and government sector have rapidly increased; this therefore provides a whole new prospect for a distinctive criminal to prosper in most cases. The advances in the computer technology has brought a new methodology in crime. Electronic crime has been responsible for some of the most financially devastating victimizations in society. In the recent past, society has seen different kinds of unauthorized access into classified government computer files, phone card and credit card, and electronic emails. All these crimes are committed in the name of "free speech." These new breed of criminals claim that information should not be suppressed or protected and the information should be freed. They think that the crimes they commit are really not crimes at all. Noone can deny that the internet is the most useful tool for computer abusing. There are many forms of computer abuse and yet they have not come to any solution. Computer crime appears in a number of forms; malicious damage, unlawful trespass and use (theft of computer time), theft of information, unauthorised information, imposturing by computer and pirating computer software, hacking and creating viruses to destroy information systems and hard drives, child pornography, cyber porn, theft of software and copyrights. The computer systems are under attack from a multitude of sources. These varies from viruses and worms, to human threats, such as hackers. These attacks target different characteristics of a system. Viruses and worms attack a system in one of two ways, either internally or externally that both share the primary objective of replication. However, they are different according to techniques they use and their system r...

Barry Hines

Barry Hines Essay Mr Sugden shouts at him for not having his kit, he doesnt understand that Billy and his family are poor and cant afford to buy his kit. From this Mr Sugden bounces a ball on Billys head Mr Sugden bounces the ball on Billys head This is all unnecessary but its the only way Mr Sugden can feel powerful which is a shame. I also believe that the reason he bullies the pupils is because hes insecure about himself and feels thats the only way he can feel good about himself. Mr Sugden treats Billy unfairly compared to the others Well get down then, before I come and make you red hot! And doesnt seem to listen to Billy or the others. Later on in the game a dog comes onto the pitch and Mr Sugden thinks that violence is the key to getting the dog off the pitch Go and fetch half a dozen cricket bats from the game store This shows that Mr Sugden doesnt have a high tolerance level and believes that that shouting and using violence will get him respect but it only creates a barrier between pupil and him as most children are too scared to disagree. I think thats why he treats Billy the way he does as he will answer Mr Sugden back but not in a cheeky manner You dont need cricket bats to do that, sir Mr sugden is very narrow minded and if some one has a different opinion to him then violence will change their mind. Mr Sugden is sarcastic towards Billy Whats the matter Casper are you scared of the ball Mr Sugdens need to humiliate Billy reminds me of Macdowell in the yard. Theres no real difference between the two. The main event that stuck in my mind was when Sugden made Billy take a cold shower because he missed saving a goal The cold water made Billy gasp he also had three boys to block the entrance so he couldnt escape Hey up, shift let me out, you rotten dogs! Mr Sugden took away any dignity that Billy may have had when he did this; the whole class was laughing at him. I believe that this scene would have made the audience want to go and grab Billy out of the shower and put Mr Sugden in it. The boys who are blocking the entrance begin to think they should let him out, however Mr Sugden disagrees Can we let him out now, sir? Hell get pneumonia I though the imagery of the shower scene was very dramatic and showed just how far Mr Sugden would go. This scene really moved me and I felt sorry for Billy in having to be put through that experience. The scene with the youth employment reminded me how much his mother didnt care for him or his future as there was a boy sitting next to him with his mother who was nagging him about his tie An straighten you tie. The boy wished his mother would stop nagging I wish youd stop nagging Whereas Billy would appreciate it if his mother gave the time to nag him because to Billy it would show him that his mother cared. The first thing the employment officer said to Billy was Well come in, lad, if your coming, I havent got all day. This doesnt set a good impression or any mutual respect between Billy and the officer. Billy expresses an interest in working in an office Id be all right working in an office, wouldnt I? Ive a job to read and write Then at the end of the meeting the officer hands him a leaflet to read which shows that he wasnt paying attention to Billy and didnt really care. Billys skills go unrecognised. Overall there were similarities between Billys home life and school life as they were both just as hard and he was mis-judged. However there was one main difference, which was someone, did care about Billy at school, Mr Farthering, who gave him time and attention. READ: Health EssayThis helped Billys confidence and gave him a friend to confide in. Billy discovers a new passion in life when he finds Kes, a kestrel hawk. Billy identifies with her silent strength and she inspires in him the trust and love that nothing else can. Kes is the only thing in life that makes him want to exist in this cruel society that he has been bought up in. He relies on Kes as his escapism to get away from the world. Kes has become a close friend of Billys, His only friend, he confides in him about school and home Hes allus after me allus has been. Like that day last summer when I fetched you, he was after me than When talking to Kes its like the build up of emotions has burst and he lets out what he is feeling freely. This is unusual for Billy has he finds it hard to express what hes feeling. Even though Billy doesnt receive any love or affection he still knows how to give it to others which shows that his mother and brother havent ruined his emotional status completely. The writer was very descriptive when writing about Kes and Billy to show the reader how immersed he is with her The hawk flapped her wings and fanned her tail, her claws still gripping the glove. Throughout the story Billy only seems happy when hes with his bird. Kes is his only enjoyment in life, his only luxury. It seems that when hes with Kes to him its like living in rich mans world for once. He feels safe and secure. In a sense I feel that the bird is seen as an image of Billys dad because when Billy found out that Kes was dead he had flashbacks of his dad. It infers that losing Kes was like the loss he felt when his dad was no longer around Where are you goin dad? The writer compares the loss of the bird and Billys dad in detail and uses flashbacks to show the reader the comparison between the two. The language Hines uses creates a more realistic image of Billy and his life. He uses slang shit to make it more personalised and to make the reader feel as though they are theyre with Billy through the story. Hines uses detail when writing about Billys more happily times like when he is with Kes and when he refers to his dad and the tall story. Hines uses a Yorkshire accent to make it more real tday, which helps create a more defined image of the characters. The whole novel is based on just one day in Billys life Hines does this by using flashbacks to show in depth what the characters are like so that the reader has a better understanding of what the characters personalities really like. Hines uses short sentence to create effect and emphasise the normality of Billys daily routine Billy left the shop. Therefore I conclude that living in poverty does have an effect on peoples attitudes and how they respond to others, the harshness of their lives portray in their behaviour to others. This book really shows how much teaching has changed, I believe for the better, since the 1960s. As in the school life we see in this book the teachers enjoy the power and humiliating the children, whereas nowadays most teachers aim in their career is to make a difference and to help as much as they can. I believe that Hines shows how harsh and cold life can be and can make us more fortunate people appreciate life more and not take food and peoples kindness for granted.

Should We Cry for Argentina Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Should We Cry for Argentina - Case Study Example The peso had initially been pegged to the dollar to increase the popularity of the domestic currency following a hyperinflation that had led to demand of payments in dollars back in the 1990s. Local companies blamed their defaults on new requirements that all money sent abroad had to have the central bank’s authorization, a process that proved to be too slow. Increased taxes on exporters and cash-rich firms, and inability to obtain money to pay foreign suppliers intensified the local companies’ struggles. International companies faced rising debts and losses from their Argentine operations as the peso continued its decline. Aerolineas Argentinas, an Argentine airline company, was forced to cancel all of its international flights due to the economical crisis that saw it barely escape bankruptcy in 2002. The rising inflation resulted in a significant increase in commodity prices thus making lives of ordinary difficult. People opted to spend on much cheaper goods than before. It is however reported that the inflation prompted the Argentines to spend rather than save and see their money depreciate in value (Agren). Rates of unemployment soared and poverty ensued too and by the 2012 purchasing power was at an all time

The Machinations of International Trade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Machinations of International Trade - Essay Example The UK has not ratified the Vienna Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (the Convention)2 which places the UK in an anomalous position vis-à  -vis its primary trading partners, often leading to pressure to accept the law of a contracting party that is a signatory to the Convention3. This has led to a marked difference between the approach in international trade law to contract termination and buyer remedies under the Convention, in contrast to the position under CIF and FOB contracts, where the role of documents is paramount to obligations of the trading parties4. Firstly, with regard to the certificate of origin, under CIF contracts, the part of the seller’s primary obligation is to ensure goods, deliver them to the shipping company and arrange for freight of goods5. Arguably most important is the bill of lading, which is essentially a transport document and covers movement by sea and constitutes documents of title and evidence as to who has the title, which is vital to obligations under CIF and FOB contracts6. If a bill of lading is consigned to a named party, they are known as â€Å"straight consigned†7. Moreover, bills of lading can be categorized according to the mode of transport specified under the contract8. For example, marine bills of lading cover shipment by sea and can be issued by the shipping company, captain or master of the vessel or party acting as agents for the carrier9. Alternatively, the â€Å"received for shipment† bill of lading pieces of evidence receipt of goods by the issuer, however, does not evidence that goods are en route10. Finally, â€Å"shipped on board† bills of lading constitute evidence.

Electromagnetic radiation Essay Example for Free

Electromagnetic radiation Essay Electromagnetic waves are disturbances caused by the oscillation of charged particles. It consists of two parts, an electric field and a magnetic field oscillating perpendicular to each other. The wave is self-sustaining, and propagates at a direction perpendicular to both the electric field and magnetic field. There is a whole spectrum of electromagnetic waves. The ones with the longest wavelengths (range: 1 cm-1km) are the radio waves. After the radio waves, microwaves have the next longest wavelength (range: 1mm-10cm). Then, we have the infrared waves (range: 1 µm-1mm), followed by light (range: 400nm-700nm), ultraviolet rays (range: 1nm-100nm), x-rays (range: 0. 1nm-10nm), and gamma rays, which have the shortest wavelengths amongst the different electromagnetic radiations (range: 0. 01nm-0. 1nm). b. How you determine the temperature, composition, and motion of an object from its light spectrum? Different elements emit and absorb light waves differently. Hence, when viewed through a spectroscope, different elements will have different spectral patterns. The object’s composition is obtained from noting which spectral lines are present or absent. We can also determine the density of the object depending on the amount of lines present in the spectrum. The more lines and the more continuous the spectrum, the denser is the material. On the other hand, the temperature of the object will affect the shapes spectral lines emitted by the object. If objects have high temperatures, their spectral lines will be broader, that is, it is spread over more frequencies than if it had lower temperature. To determine temperature, Finally, the Doppler Shift tells us the motion of the object, whether it is moving away or toward us, and with what speed. When the observed object is moving toward us, the spectral lines we observe occur at shorter wavelengths when we compare it to those measured in the laboratory. This is called â€Å"blueshifted. † On the other hand, if the object is moving away from us we observe the lines to occur at longer wavelengths. In this case we say that the lines are â€Å"redshifted. † The amount of shifting will determine the speed of motion. c. In what way do astronomers infer that the Sun’s energy comes from nuclear fusion reactions? How do we know it does not come from chemical burning? Even though both nuclear fusions and chemical reactions result in the release of energy, nuclear fusions release much more energy than chemical reactions. This is due to the nature of each reaction. Given that the energy that the sun produces is extremely high, it is impossible that chemical reactions are fuelling it, for if that were the case, then the sun will not be producing enough energy to sustain life on Earth. If it were chemical reactions powering it, it would be producing roughly one-millionth of the energy it is producing now. d. Explain how the Sun produces energy by nuclear fusion. Because of the amount of matter present in the sun, it is in danger of imploding. What keeps this from happening, however, is the nuclear fusion that occurs in its core, which is so hot because of the pressure from its mass that is being pulled inwards by gravity. In the core, hydrogen nuclei are forced to come together. This fusion creates helium-4 and energy. Since the resulting He-4 atoms are less massive than the initial hydrogen atoms that fused together, the missing mass is what was transformed into energy. This is best explained by the most famous equation in Physics, E=mc2, which states the equivalence of mass and energy. e. When we look at stars in the sky, we see a wide range of brightness. Explain the factors that would make one star appear brighter than another. There are two factors that affect the brightness of stars in the sky. The first one is the inherent characteristic of the star, which dictates how absolutely bright or luminous it will be. The second factor that affects the way we see stars is their distance from the earth. The farther they are, the dimmer they would appear. This is because the light they emit would need to pass through interstellar matter that could disperse, absorb or reflect the light in different directions. f. Compare the Sun with other stars. The Sun is called such by virtue of its position, that is, it is in the center of the solar system. Technically, however, the sun is also a star. It differs from other stars in its size, temperature, age, and color. The Sun is a dwarf star, about 4. 5 billion years old, and is classified as â€Å"yellow,† which means that it has an average temperature of about 6000 K. Hotter stars are classified as blue-white, while cooler stars are red. g. Consider a star at the upper part of the main sequence (label it Star A) and a star in the lower part of the main sequence (label it Star B). Which is: 1) Larger? Star A 2) More luminous? Star A 3) More massive? Star A 4) Hotter? Star A h. Compare the life spans of low mass stars and high mass stars. Explain why they are different. The life span of low mass stars is longer than the life spans of high mass stars. The reason for this is that the higher the mass of the star, the more hydrogen is needed to undergo fusion to keep the star from collapsing under its own gravitational force. i. What would an imaginary terrestrial observer see as the Sun runs out of hydrogen? If life is confined to Earth when this happens, would life perish from heat or from cold? Explain. As the Sun runs out of hydrogen fuel, it will start consuming helium. This leads to the sun increasing in radius, eventually turning it into a red giant. When this happens, the sun will grow so large that it can engulf the earth. Life on Earth would perish from extreme heat. When the helium runs out, however, the sun will shrink to a white dwarf. The reason for this is that the sun is too small to continue burning elements larger than helium. j. What kind of stars eventually become white dwarfs? What kind eventually become supernovae? What will be the ultimate fate of the Sun? Why? A white dwarf is an extremely dense star, with the mass of the sun and the size of the earth. It is composed of the remnants of stellar matter, which is mostly carbon and oxygen. In order to turn into a white dwarf, stars need to have a size of about 0. 07-10 times that of the sun. On the other hand, a supernova is formed when a massive star consumes all of its nuclear fuel and thus collapses under its gravitational field. Because of the high gravitational force that causes its collapse, the dead star suddenly explodes. A star that is about 8-10 times more massive than the sun will end its life as a supernova. The ultimate fate of the sun is to become a white dwarf. The reason for this is that the sun is not very massive to turn into a supernova, thus lacking the critical mass that would cause it to collapse under its own weight.

Flowers For Algernon :: essays research papers

Algernon is a mouse. He's a special mouse, Charlie Gordon is told, and it must be true, because whenever Charlie and Algernon run a race (Algernon is in a real maze; Charlie has a pencil-and-paper version), Algernon wins. How did that mouse get to be so special, Charlie wonders? The answer is that Algernon's IQ has been tripled by an experimental surgical procedure. The scientists who performed the experiment now need a human subject to test, and Charlie has been recommended to them by his night-school teacher, Miss Kinnian. Charlie's a good candidate for the procedure, because even though he currently has an I.Q. of only 68, he is willing, highly motivated and eager to learn. He's convinced that if he could only learn to read and write, the secret of being smart would be revealed to him. Charlie wants to be smart because he works as a janitor in a factory where he has many friends, but even as he goes along with their hijinks, he suspects his friends mock him. The opportunity to be made smart--really smart--is irresistible, even though there's a chance that the results of the operation will only be temporary. Because Charlie wants his co-workers to accept him. And therein lies the tale. Charlie does indeed get smarter. He struggles to absorb as much knowledge as he can in whatever time he has. He suggests a new way to line up the machines at the factory, saving the owner tens of thousands of dollars a year in operating costs, and the owner gives him a $25 bonus. But when Charlie suggests to his factory friends that he could use his bonus to treat them to lunch or a drink, they have other things to do. Charlie's too smart for them now. He's even smart enough to assist with the research on intelligence enhancement. He's smart enough to suddenly perceive Miss Kinnian with new eyes...and fall in love. Everybody is Charlie Flowers for Algernon is such a beloved classic that it has remained in print since 1959 and is now in its 58th edition. It has received science fiction's highest honors, the Hugo and Nebula Awards. It's been translated into dozens of languages, adapted for TV, and performed on stage. Cliff Robertson won an Oscar for his performance in the 1968 movie version, Charly. Everybody loves Charlie's story because Charlie is so vulnerable, so representative of readers' internal desires to fit in, to be smart, to have friends, to love. Everyone carries the ancient baggage of childhood, a time when others (adults, older children) were the keepers of the secret knowledge of the world. The revelation of Charlie's raw hopes and dreams

Revenue Cycle and Control Activities Essay

The revenue cycle for many companies is considered the primary source to earn revenue from the sale of goods or service. Good controls must be established to maintain the effectiveness of receivables and credit sales, not doing so can harm the company and might be costly to the business. Six classes of internal controls guides us in evaluating and designing transaction processing. They are authorization, supervision, segregation of duties, access control, independent verification, and accounting records. We will discuss each department that is involved in the revenue cycle, it’s activities, and control activities.The first section discusses the departments that make the revenue cycle , starting with Sales Department and ending with Billing Department, knowingly that collections must be received and adjustments must be made. The second section discusses the six activities mentioned earlier. Departments The revenue cycle is composed of five independent (in activities and personnel) departments that are required to make function and make a sale. Each department carry out it’s own, and every department depends on the the preceding department in order to function properly. An additional two activities must be considered in the revenue cycle are collection of receivables and adjustments to sales and receivables. Sales Department Every sales process starts with receiving a customer purchase order- by mail, in person, or telephone. Thus controlling the customer’s orders is carefully done, and operating procedures must be maintained in an adequate manners. The department then identifies and reviews items and quantities to determine whether the order can be placed, then they prepare The Sales Order. The sales order is not the standard format that the seller’s order processing system needs. The sales order has vital information, such as the customer’s name account number, description of the items sold quantities, and prices. A copy of sales order is placed in the open order file, the customer getting the ordered goods might take days or even weeks. The customer might check about the status of his or her order, order file is updated every time the status of the order changes .It also sets instructions to guide various divisions and department, including credit, finished goods, shipping, billing, and accounts receivable units. Credit Approval Department To provide independence to the credit authorization process, the credit department is organizationally and physically separate from the Sales Department. The credit approval department receives a copy of the sales order from the sales department. The document received serves as an authorization to preform a client credit check. The check includes investigating new customers’ ability to pay and creditworthiness, and a line of credit is established. Typically new checking new customers take time more that existing customers. A good control activity is a limit test, which measures the customer have unused credit. This process set an upper limit that the customer must not pass, if passing it the purchase order by the customer will be denied. Warehouse Procedures After a credit check has been performed and approved, and a sales order is received. The warehouse is responsible of issuing merchandise and items that were mentioned in the sales order to the shipping department. In a typical company that have finished goods in it’s inventory, this inventory is supervised and controlled by a storekeeper. He is responsible for issuing the goods. Another control activity must be done is updating the inventory records by the accountant, not by the storekeeper. This separation of duty prevents theft of inventory. The Shipping department When receiving the finished goods from the warehouse, the shipping clerk must reconcile the products received from the warehouse with the products mentioned in the sales order. This is an important control activity, which ensures send the right products and quantities to the customer who ordered them. Then this department prepares shipping documents , such as the bill of lading as they are loaded into the carrier- cars, trucks etc. These documents numerically controlled and are entered in a shipping register before being forwarded to the billing department. A gate control is done when shipments are made by truck, this ensure that goods have been recorded as shipments. The clerk enters these transaction and sends a shipping notice and stock release to the billing department. The Billing Department Upon receiving the Shipping notice and stock release from the shipping department, a sales invoice with any relevant information about the transactions and bills the customer. Billing departments are responsible of serially numbered shipping documents, comparing documents received from other departments, entering data from sales orderers and purchase order on the sales invoice, applying prices and discount to the invoice, make extensions and footing, accumulating total amounts. Controls should be done to ensure the accuracy of sales invoice before sending them to the customer, such as a second person review. The billing clerk enters the transaction into the sales journal and send the documents to the account receivables and inventory control department. Collection of Receivables Most receivables are either consisted of checks, and remittance advice and collected through the mail. The cashier is responsible for checks and depositing them, and the remittance advice will be forwarded to the account receivable or the data processing department, which will be recorded in the appropriate accounts. Reductions in the AR are posted periodically to the general ledger control account. Adjustments to Sales and Receivables All adjustments to sales for allowances, returns, and write-offs of account receivables should be supported by a credit memo which is serially numbered. This memo must be signed by an employee having no cash handling duties or maintenance over the customers’ ledger. Good Internal controls require that goods must be checked and examined before a credit is given, and the memo should have the serial number of the receiving report on the returned shipment. The treasurer give grant the credit manager the authorization to initiate the process of uncollectible receivable write off. Updating Inventory Records The inventory control function updates the inventory subsidiary from the information included in the stock release document which was prepared by the the warehouse. In a typical perpetual system, every item has it’s own record in the ledger containing data, such as units sold, units received m reorder point, EOQ, and standard cost. The stock release document decrease the amount of the inventory. Over a period of time the total reduction in inventory is summarized in a journal voucher and sent to the general ledger function. Revenue Cycle controls As mention earlier every department of the revenue cycle must have it’s own controls over is activities, doing so might prevent theft, error, fraud, and enhancing the it’s operations. Six controls are to be covered in this section regarding various department and activities in the revenue cycle Transaction authorization this ensure that valid transactions are processed only, and it include credit check and return policy for sales processing and remittance list for cash receipts. Credit Check as mentioned is function carry out by the credit department. This department might uses various test and techniques to determine if the customer is trust worthy or not. Different procedures and done to do credit check, depending on the organization, its relationship with the customer, and the materiality of the transactions. Approving for a new customer might take longer time that existing customer, and a decision that falls within the employee authority may be done quickly. However credit check must be done with consistency of the company’s policy. Return Policy is also a credit department task, the returns must be authorized by this department before receiving them. the nature of the sales and the circumstances determine the authorization granted. Again policies set by the organization, such as cash refunds, must be taken into consideration for granting returns. Remittance List verifies that customers checks and remittance advice match. This reconciliation might detect errors, such as an extra remittance advice or and absence of a customers’ check, it also might detect a difference between checks and remittances. This list authorizes the posting of a remittance advice to a customer’s account. Segregation of Duties it ensure that separate individual and department processes the transactions. The size and type of an organization affect this type of control, for instance a personally own small business might not need this kind of control, because the owner is the management. The revenue cycle has three rules about the system designers. First, transaction authorization should be separate from transaction processing, such as the warehouse department. The warehouse department cannot issue goods without the confirmation of the credit and the sales department. Second, asset custody should be separate from the task of asset record keeping. For instance, the warehouse department has physical custody over it’s inventory, but the inventory control is in charge of maintaining the record of inventory levels. Last, the organization must be structured so that fraud require collision between two or more individuals. This means that task should be separated, such as different record keeping individuals. An employee with a total record keeping responsibility, in a collusion with an other employee with custody might commit fraud. Separating task needs more people to commit fraud. Supervision is considered a compensating control for companies who have little number of employees to make a segregation of duties. Supervising those employees detects error made, and inadequate functions. This tool is used also in system with a good segregation function. For instance the mail room is a good place to commit theft for check received, cashing it, and destroying and evidence relating to the theft. Although this might be detected when complaints made by a customer about billing him again, but the best solution is preventing it from the beginning. Therefor a good supervision over employees is considered a good prevention control. Accounting Records this control activity describes how a firm’s documents, journals, and ledgers form the system in various stages of processing. It’s also an important feature of well-designed accounting systems. Prenumbered Documents, are sequentially numbered documents that allow every transaction to be uniquely identified. Tracking event related to documents through t system is easy. Special Journals, The revenue cycle uses a specific journals, such as sales journal and the cash receipts journal. Special journal groups similar transactions into a specific journal. Subsidiary Ledgers, there’s two subsidiary ledgers in the revenue cycle, the inventory and accounts receivables subsidiary ledgers. They provide links to the documents used to capture the events related to each subsidiary. General Ledgers, these are the basis for every accounting system, and for the preparation of every financial statement. Sales, Inventory, Cost of goods sold, AR, and cash are affected by the revenue cycle’s transactions. Files, temporary and permanent files are opened as a result from the revenue cycle. Some examples are, sales order files, shipping log, credit records file, back order file, journal vouchers, . Access Controls it’s used to grant authorization and permission to employee and access to the firm’s assets, such as the physical assets, cash and inventories. Ways in protecting these assets are: warehouse security, Daily cash deposits, safe/night deposit box, using safes. Access control over information involves restricting access to documents that control physical assets, such as journals and ledgers. Examples of the access risk: Removing one’s account from Account receivables ledger, do so he company can’t send the customer monthly statements. Access to sales order might trigger unauthorized shipment of a product. Access to general ledger and cash might steal and cover it up by adjusting the ledgers. Independent Verification the main reason independent verification is to verify and assure how accurate and complete the tasks are. Independent verification occur at various point is the process, so that errors are detected and dealt with quickly. Independent Verification in the revenue cycle occur at the following points. First, The shipping department reconciled the goods sent from warehouse with the quantity and type ordered by the customer. this is done by reconciling the stock release document with the packing slip. Second, The billing department reconciles sales ordered with the shipping notice to ensure sending the right invoice with the quantities and prices ordered by the customer. Last, Before posting to any control accounts, the general ledger function reconciles various journal vouchers and summary reports which were prepared independently. Other Controls include verifying approved buyer, this is not frequently used, but sometimes a purchase order might be completed and signed by and unauthorized person from the client company. Stamp approval on sales order. It is possible for sales orders to be fraudulently routed around the credit department and sent to the warehouse,s o an approval stamp to be used on each sales order. Prenumber sales order forms. Only prenumbered sales order documents should be used. By doing so, the company can track which sales order numbers did not reach the billing department, which may indicate that a delivery was not invoiced. Lock up unused sales order forms. It is possible for someone to enter an order to a shell company on an unused sales order form, fraudulently stamp it as approved by the credit department, and route it to the warehouse as authorization for a delivery. References. 1. Whittington, O.Ray, and Pany,Kurt.(2001).Principles of Auditing and other assurance services.13th edition.New York: Irwin. 2. Hermanson, Roger, and Strawser, Jerry, and Strawser, Robert.(1989).Auditing Theory and Practice.5th edition. Boston: Irwin. 3. Bragg, Steven. 2009. Accounting Control: Best Practices. New Jersey: Wiley & Sons Inc. 4. Hall, James. Accounting Information Systems. 7th edition. Ohio. Cengage Learning. 5. Wilkinson, Joseph and Cerullo, Micheal and Wong-on-Wing, Bernard and Raval, Vasant .2000 .Accounting Information Systems: Essential Concepts and Applications.Wiley 6. Mooney, Kate. 2008. The essential accounting dictionary. 1st edition. Illinois: Sphinx Publishing, An imprint of sourcebooks, inc.

Daddy by Sylvia Plath

The poem â€Å"Daddy† by Sylvia Plath paints a great picture of a daughter and her Nazi father, but this poem is more than just that. It symbolizes the relationship that they once had, and how it has affected her throughout her whole life. This poem also shows a very generalized depiction of how women see men who have treated them not so greatly. Although Sylvia’s father was German, he was not a Nazi, which is how she depicted him in her poem â€Å"Daddy,† She imagines her father as an ordinary man when she states: â€Å"You stand at the blackboard, daddy, in the picture I have of you. A cleft in you chin instead of your foot but no less a devil for that, no not any less the black man who bit my pretty red heart in two, I was ten when they buried you. At twenty I tried to die and get back, back, back to you.† This â€Å"ordinary man,† in her eyes, has turned into a devil that broke her heart. He treated her poorly, or so that this is impression that we get when she tells us that she was treated like a â€Å"Jew in Dachau.† Having a father figure in one’s life is very important in how that person grows up, and in what type of person they become, as they grow older. Sylvia’s father had a great deal influence in her life, both for the good and the bad. But, she has always been scared of her father by the way he treated her. This may have been one of the biggest reasons why she was suicidal, and why many people considered her crazy. You can tell that Sylvia very much has had a love-hate relationship with her father throughout her whole life, and we can tell that she has always wanted to love her father. But, her relationship and her memories of her father all seem to go downhill, even after he had died. In writing this poem, Sylvia may be trying to dismiss her memories of her father, and finally let go of the fact that he is dead. She is clearly not over her father’s death at the time this poem was written, which was twenty-two years after the event. Sylvia attempts to show that her relationship with her father was a love-hate relationship many times in this poem. To prove the hate side of the relationship, she states â€Å"Daddy, I have had to kill you. You died before I had time,† in the first stanza, in the eleventh stanza, â€Å"No less a devil for that, no not any less the black man who bit my pretty red heart in two,† and in the last stanza, â€Å"Daddy, daddy, you bastard, I’m through.† To prove that she loved her father she states, â€Å"I used to pray to recover you† in the third stanza, and â€Å"At twenty I tried to die and get back, back, back to you† in the twelfth stanza. Many people say that they have a love-hate relationship with someone close to them, but I think it is rare if it ever reaches the severity of Sylvia’s relationship with her father. We see many different events of Sylvia’s relationship with her father in this poem, and although he died when she was eight, she seems to remember much of that time in her life. This could mean two things, either she is blowing her relationship with her father way out of proportion, or this relationship really was terrible. Either way, she is putting the issue on a pedestal, and letting it affect her much more than it should. Most suicidal people tend to think that the issue that they are dealing with is not worth living with. Life is precious, whether we believe it or not. No issue should affect us so greatly that we do not want to live life anymore. I am not trying to mock, but I honestly feel that people who are suicidal are just trying to get attention, but that’s a different topic for a different paper. On another note, this poem assumes that all Germans were people who hated Jews, and were Nazis. She writes, â€Å"I thought every German was you.† Sylvia has made the same mistake that many people have made since before World War II. Not all Germans were Nazis, just as all Russian soldiers in the Red Army were not considered Communist, although Russia was a communist country at the time. That is one assumption that this poem makes that is false. Emotions are what drive us to sanity's edge and the effects are far greater than what you would expect out of mere feelings. Unfortunately, Sylvia Plath committed suicide not long after this poem has been written. This poem shows her feelings regarding that of her father throughout her life, and we can only hope that she and her father are in a much more peaceful state now.

Word Choice Rack vs. Wrack

Word Choice Rack vs. Wrack Word Choice: Rack vs. Wrack Neither â€Å"rack† nor â€Å"wrack† are common words these days. However, they are used in some common terms and phrases. And since they sound identical, it’s easy to get them mixed up. To avoid errors in your written work, then, check out our guide to using â€Å"rack† and â€Å"wrack† correctly. Rack (Strain and Storage) The more common word here is â€Å"rack.† It comes from a Middle Dutch word meaning â€Å"stretch out,† which makes sense when you know that one use of â€Å"rack† is a type of torture device: He refused to confess even after a day on the rack. People would use a â€Å"rack† to stretch their victims, so the word has since become associated with causing pain, strain, and distress. It doesnt look fun. We also see that sense of pain and distress in the verb form of this term: His shoulder was racked with pain. This is also the sense of â€Å"rack† we see in â€Å"nerve-racking,† which implies being mentally strained. Oddly, though, the idea of a wooden frame for stretching something also gave us a fairly innocent use of this term. In this case, it refers to a framework used for storing something: Finally, put the cake on a wire rack until it is cool. In case you were wondering, we would choose this kind of â€Å"rack† if we had to spend time on one. Wrack (An Old-Fashioned Word for â€Å"Wreck†) â€Å"Wrack† comes from a Middle Dutch word meaning â€Å"shipwreck.† This link to destruction reflects how the word is still used today. For instance: Clouds roiled in the storm-wracked skies. The phrase â€Å"storm-wracked† here literally means â€Å"wrecked by a storm.† Likewise, you may see â€Å"wrack† used in the phrase â€Å"wrack and ruin,† which also refers to destruction. Storm-wracked skies. However, â€Å"wrack† has commonly been confused with â€Å"rack,† especially in situations where â€Å"rack† means causing pain or distress. As such, â€Å"wrack† is often accepted as a variant spelling of the verb form of â€Å"rack.† For example, we can say â€Å"wracked with pain† as well as â€Å"racked with pain.† But keep in mind that â€Å"rack† and â€Å"wrack† are only interchangeable when used as a verb. If you are referring to a torture device or a framework used for storage, â€Å"wrack† would be incorrect. Rack or Wrack? Most of the time, â€Å"rack† will be correct. However, â€Å"wrack† is now widely accepted as a variant spelling when used as a verb. And the traditional uses of these terms are as follows: A â€Å"rack† is a torture device, so as a verb it usually means â€Å"torture† or â€Å"cause distress.† However, as a noun, a rack can also be a frame used for storage (e.g., a â€Å"spice rack†). â€Å"Wrack† is an old-fashioned word for â€Å"wreck.† It is traditionally used to describe a shipwreck and associated with destruction. Generally, the main place you will need â€Å"wrack† is in phrases like â€Å"wrack and ruin† and â€Å"storm-wracked.† The word â€Å"rack,† meanwhile, appears in terms like â€Å"nerve-racking.† If you need help making sure you’ve used these words correctly, get in touch today.

Employment and Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Employment and Society - Essay Example It is in best interest of society as well as economy to avoid redundancy as much as it is possible. To have economic growth one needs to avoid the redundancy, cut down on the numbers that need to be redundant and devise some strategies that will keep the society prepared to mitigate the losses caused by redundancies. It is in best advantage of the employer to avoid redundancies in general and gender redundancy in particular as it calls for hate crime and discrimination. An effective way to tackle the redundancy is to collectively address it and on occasional basis consult with the trade and organization unions. The employers must discuss with the worker’s representatives parties and with mutual consent should reach some agreements so that there would be a win-win situation for both parties(Godwin, 2010). Some of the nasty situations that cam give rise to redundancies are increased over-times but with pay freezes. These situations can be avoided by reducing work hours, re-training of employees in case of new and improved business cycle, recruitment cycle freezing in time of recession and finally giving both genders equal chances to get the employment.(Davis, 2010) Employers must give the worker’s representative the number of employees that need to be redundant, the proposals for them in return, the pay scales and time scale that are offering at the certain level of the redundancy. The consultation should reach an agreement and no decisions shall be made before the consultation actually takes place. Retaining employees is far less costly than hiring and developing new employees. Every organization can give it a try though how a particular organization can avoid redundancies is purely dependent up on certain aspects such as the structure of organization, the forecasting that how long it will be down turn for you, the type and nature of work employees are engaged in and impact of profitability on credit crunch. Some of

Are online courses taught responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Are online courses taught responsibility - Essay Example One of the areas where it has exerted great changes is in education whereby, learning activity has changed from more interactive face-to-face learning to a less interactive online learning environment also referred to as e-learning (Sandel, 2007). This form of training is gaining popularity across the globe due to increasing use of internet and need to streamline the flow of information in all sectors of the economy. This has resulted to student’s reliance on computer from their own places of convenience as opposed to classroom culture where students interact with their teachers and their colleagues (Tait, 2003). However, this approach of teaching has raised concern of morality regarding the competence and fairness of online tutorials in fulfilling the essence of learning to the students. This system may still disadvantage some learners who may lack access to online tutorials due to high cost of connection and other materials (Howar, Schenk, & Discenza, 2004). This study will focus on different moral rules to assess the efficiency of online teaching to the distance learners. Education should contribute to equality of all students from various backgrounds by making it available and affordable to all. â€Å"Utilitarianism theory of ethics,† requires individuals to k\make their own decisions based on what they consider best for them (Sandel, 2007). Therefore, individuals can chose between online and classroom approach depending which method will satisfy their needs best. Electronic learning offers equality to many families as opposed to traditional methods of attending their studies in a classroom (Bates, 2005). This is because all students face equal treatment in case of online learning and is not biased compared to face-to-face learning where students attend different learning institutions based on their social status (Tait, 2003). However, this may turn out to be inaccessible by some students who cannot afford to pay for the services. Traditionally,

Critical Thinking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 7

Critical Thinking - Essay Example 2. Are there any similarities between the characteristics demanded of an entrepreneur and those of a professional athlete? Would an athlete be a good prospect for entrepreneurship? Why or why not? Could teamwork be important in an entrepreneurial effort? Why or why not? I think that there are many similarities between the characteristics of an entrepreneur and a professional athlete, most notably the discipline required to succeed. Preparation time is also a key aspect of both jobs because nothing should be left to chance. Just like an entrepreneur has to come up with short and long-term business plans, professional athletes need to set goals so that they are always improving. An athlete would be a good prospect for entrepreneurship because he or she would be able to carry over these same traits. Teamwork is very important in an entrepreneurial effort because no one can do something by themselves. Although they may have a thought or vision, they will need other people to carry out the objectives and work for the betterment of the

Capitalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Capitalism - Essay Example The present day Dubai is capitalist and this is because the profit motive controls all undertakings and the royal family enjoys most of the profits acquired from the production of various commodities. For example, the Dubai royal family controls most of the oil reserves in the country and they fund other sectors of the economy in order to gain from different areas and build up wealth. In my work environment, which is the court, capitalism exists and an example of this is that there are minorities who control the legal structures and they can get away with crimes through unethical practices. There are various aspects of welfare state in the UAE and these include the government providing free education and access to funds for development purposes. The country also engages in helping its neighbors all in the effort of providing benefits to people all over the world. The UAE was not capitalist 100 years ago, and this can be explained by the fact that people could help each other to survive and even at times for free. People traded with various items such as fish, and this was not for the profit motive, but to work together in order to survive. However, this has now changed and everything is done with the motive of earning a profit. I believe that despite capitalism being just in that one gets what they work for, it is evil and people should help each other to survive and not be greedy in order to accrue wealth as others suffer from poverty. Everyone has a right to survive and exploiting others to amass more wealth as others suffer in poverty is

Britains Got Talent Program Media Essay

Britains Got Talent Program Media Essay Britains Got Talent (BGT) is a British television series aired on ITV and TV3. The theme of the program involves competition among various singers, dancers, comedians, gymnasts and other type of performers. Four series of the program have been aired till now and the winner of each series got an entertainment and performance contract worth  £100,000 and had the privilege to perform in front of the Queen at Royal Variety Performance. The first series was premiered on June 9, 2007 and concluded with a live final on July 16, 2007. Recently its fourth season has ended on June 5 2010 which was one by a gymnastic group Spellbound. The beauty of the program is that ordinary people with no exposure or reference have the chance to come on stage, participate in the cut-throat competition in front of 3,000 studio audience and at the end of the series the rightful winner gets the chance of performing at Royal Variety Performance. The judges of BGT includes Piers Morgan, Amanda Holden and of course the creator of BGTs format, Simon Cowell who was also the creator of The X Factor and had participated as a judge in American Idol. He is largely believed to be at the forefront of the judge panel. The judges travel to almost all the major cities of UK to record the auditions. The performers have to put a good show in front of the audience and judges to get to the next round, however, if Judges dont like some contestant, he/she will be buzzed out. So artists have to show not only a splendid act but they also have to gain the favor of judges and audience to remain in the show. However, it is the public who ultimately decide s the fate of the performers. Judges usually favor those contestants who are liked by public. When all performances are made than phone lines opens for some time during which audience votes for the performance, they like most. Britains Got Talent programs previous series, semi final and final rounds were aired live on television. Although Simon Cowell is the creator of Got Talent series worldwide, but Britains Got Talent has produced some remarkable artists, the likes of which were never seen before. So far 54 episodes have been shown in four series with durations ranging from 30 to 150 minutes. BGTs fifth series is expected to go live in June 2011. For its fifth series Simon Cowell will not appear as a judge. Simon Cowell will not take auditions, and will only be invited for live shows. The judges that have been selected for Britain Got Talent fifth series are; Kelly Brook, Emma Bunton, Alan Carr, Louis Walsh, Charlotte Church, Louie Spence, and Paul Ogrady. Britains Got Talent has revolutionized the format of talent shows. The extent of popularity of Britains Got Talent can be judged by the fact that it has 734,000 fans on its Facebook page and 18,300 followers on Twitter. Britain Got Talent also earned the credit of introducing Susan Boyle to the world, a 47 year old Scottish artist who sung I Dreamed a Dream from Les Misà ©rables in BGT and got 20million hits on the YouTube video of her performance. She stood second in thirds series of Britain Got Talent, and her performance attracted huge audience from countries across the globe. Dominos Pizza has been the official sponsor of Britains got Talent and it designed special ads to endorse this partnership. Due to its popularity among masses, Britain Got Talent helped Dominos Pizza in increasing its revenues by 14% to  £155million pre-tax profit by 27.8% to  £29.9million for year ended 2009. Chris Moore, CEO of Dominos Pizza seems very pleased with the outcome. He said: Our sponsorship of Britains Got Talent  took on a whole new dimension with the Susan Boyle phenomenon. With viewing figures for the show exceeding everyones expectations, the three-year sponsorship deal proved to be a well-time decision. Britains got talent programs success could also be seen with the fact that is related with its application. It has got more than 200,000 users. According to some statistics, people do not switch channels in the time when Britain got talent program is aired on the TV. In Britain almost every TV program is judged in the light of three typical families. These include the 10% managers and professionals, low paid population, and vast majority in the middle. Britain Got Talent gets most of its popularity from the vast population audience i.e. middle class. Britain Got Talent was nominated for two National Television Awards in the category of Most Popular Talent Show in 2007 and 2008. Since 2007, British got Talent program has been nominated for twenty two times under different groups for awards. It has been successful in wining different awards 9 times out of 22. In 2008, it received an RTS Award  for its technical achievements and four  Nickelodeon UK  Kids Choice Awards. In 2009, i t won Digital Spy Reality Award for Escala for Favorite Reality Contestant. The winner of its first series, Paul Potts and runner-up of its third series, Susan Boyle produced Platinum albums after being provided with the opportunity to showcase their talent in Britain Got Talent. Britain Got Talent provides the aspiring artists with the opportunity to show the world their gifts and hence provides a great platform for the performers who are unable to get ahead otherwise on account of lack of opportunities. We have the example of Susan Boyle, who was 47 years old singer but never thought she would be able to get out of her simple village life and show the world her remarkable talent. While Britains got Talent program had been admired by many people, this program is also subject to criticism by some people. According to them, this program creates bundles of hopes in contestants minds. Contestants have to wait all day just to give auditions of few seconds in front of judges. Their stance is that Britains got talent programs team does not entertain their contesta nts during their wait. Contestants had to wait not just all day but also with hunger and thirst. In addition, some disqualified contestants had complained that judges had been unfair with them during their decisions. The popularity of Britains Got Talent program has convinced many producers of different channels all around the globe to launch similar kind of programs in their own regions. Similar kind of programs that have started after Britains got talent in different countries are American Got Talent, Australia Got Talent, India Got Talent, Worlds Got Talent and many others. American Got Talent is the program which can be benchmarked against Britains Got Talent. The next section of this report draws a comparison between Britain Got Talent and American Got Talent. Both Britains Got Talent and Americas Got Talent are very famous reality shows on TV. The idea behind the shows is same to promote and find the unique and exceptional talent which does not get the platform and chance to promote their selves at national and international level. The format of the both program is almost same like auditions, shows and elimination criteria. Got Talent programs are most watched and liked by the age group of 18 to 50. Got Talent franchise was invented by British and despite that fact Britains Got Talent was not started at that time due to the dispute of the Paul OGrady with ITV and Britains Got Talent was not able to on air and Americas Got Talent was started prior to the Britains Got Talent and broadcasted on NBC. Britains Got Talent is broadcasted on the channel ITV and TV3 Ireland and the show was commenced on June 9, 2007 and on the other hand Americas Got Talent is broadcasted on the channel NBC and it was commenced on 29, June 2006. Simon Cowell is a creator of the Got Talent Franchise and also doing the judging in the Britains Got Talent and also the active creator of the Americas Got Talent but he has been prevented from judging at Americas Got Talent due to the its contract with American Idol. Britains Got Talent is presented by the same presenters since it started in June 2007 whose name are Anthony McPartlin and Declan Donnelly both are collectively and famously known as Ant Dec and Americas Got Talent is host and presented by the different presenter which includes the Nic Cannon, Jerry Springer and Regis Philbin. The total run time of the one episode of the Britains Got Talent is 30 to 150 minutes and Americas Got Talent total duration is 60-120 minutes. Britains Got Talent winning amount is  £100,000 and also the winner of the competition will get a chance to perform at Royal Variety Performance while Americas Got Talent winning amount is $1 million which will be paid to the winner of the competition over the financial annuity of 40 years or the winner can get the lump sum of the present value of that prize. Americas Got Talent has now become more popular than the American Idol and ratings of the program has increased dramatically on the other side Britains Got Talent is the most favorite and watched program in Britain. According to the some surveys people do not switch their channels until program finished. The companion show of Britains Got Talent is Britains Got More Talent which is telecasted on ITV2 and TV3 Ireland to show the behind the scenes footage and emotional responses of the participants after the judges comments on their performance but there is no such a program. There are total four series of Britains Got Talent which include the almost 54 episodes has been broadcasted till 2010 while almost 60 episodes of Americas Got Talent have been broadcasted till 2009 in its 4 show series and 2010 season is continue.