My evaluation for Grease Essay Example

My evaluation for Grease Essay My film that I choose was Grease because it contains music, dancing and humor. It is a cross between comedy and teen movies. It is a tribute to the Broadway show of the 1950s. It was directed by Randal Klieser and was released on July 7th 1978. The music and dance scenes are what attracted me to Grease. My favorite characters are John Travolta and Jeff Conaway who play Danny and Kenickie. I like these two because they are your typical high school popular boys who are always looking out for each other, looking good and they are always trying to get the beautiful girls but at the same time acting cool like it doesnt bother them. I had high expectations of Grease and I lived up to each and every single one of them. I learnt about this film through television and newspapers. We used three simple words from everyday media. Firstly narrative is from the Latin word narra, meaning the way a story is told. Many theories have been applied to the creation of stories. Tzvetan Torodovs 5stages of narrative. He said that all plots had 5 major components. These 5 components are equilibrium, disruption, complications, climax and resolutions (also called new equilibrium. The story begins with a situation of normality although not necessarily a positive one. An event changes the story, which involves the struggle of the characters to restore the equilibrium or reach their goal. The story reaches a point where the equilibrium or goal hangs in the balance. Normally the equilibrium is restored or a new equilibrium is established. Grease used this theory because the equilibrium is Rydell high the normal high school, the disruption is when Sandy comes and knows Danny, the complications is that Danny cannot be with Sandy because she is too pure for him and he is the most po pular guy in school, the resolution is that Sandy turns into a bad girl and the climax is when Sandy and Danny end up together. We will write a custom essay sample on My evaluation for Grease specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on My evaluation for Grease specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on My evaluation for Grease specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Secondly genre is the French word meaning type. Genres may be approached by way of various critical avenues. In the Aristotelian strain we recognize genres as kinds within a system of classification. These categories beg further definition, so there is a history of, on the one hand, the refinement of divisions and subdivisions, and on the other a Platonic search for the essential qualities of tragedy, comedy, epic poetry, and so forth. By the recognition of genres we begin to find our way in the universe of verbal artifacts with their feigned discourses, and to train our expectations upon the experience that lies in wait for us. Greases genre is a hybrid genre because it is a cross between a comedy, a teen movie and romantic. Lastly representation is the act of representing or the state of being represented. Also it is something that represents an image, an account or statement, an expostulation or a presentation or production. For example the representation of the characters in Grease varies. Sandy is portrayed as a pure and innocent girl but on the other hand Rizzo is portrayed as a bad girl who is always getting into trouble and wont take anything from no one. Also Rizzo is sometimes mean to Sandy but when its to her face she is sweet and kind. This tells me that she is two faced. Also because Sandy is pure and innocent she is not aloud to join the pink ladies (this connotes girly, frilly, happy, lively and/or average girl). Also Danny is portrayed in two different ways. When Danny is with his friends he is a mean typical boy who only cares about himself. But on the other hand Danny completely transforms when he is around Sandy. He becomes a sweet and caring person who Sandy falls in love with. Grease creates suspense because it has so many different storylines and each have a particular ending. For example the will they wont they with Danny and Sandy will end with them getting together. Is Rizo pregnant? Obviously she is not. Also who will win the car race is obvious because they wouldnt create a film that where they lose. So really we expect certain endings in a teen movie. This works because in the time left from the main storyline, it is filled in with other small but prominent storylines which creates many different types of suspense. The bit that are stereotypical are that we know it is going to end like a fairy tale because it will all work out and everyone will live happily ever after. The mis-en-scenes are standard, the shot size varies from a standard to a birds-eye view to an extreme close up etc. the compositions are straight on and the lenses are standard. All of these help to tell the story because it gives it a normal typical high school day and adds effect because if it had abnormal technical analysis then it wouldnt match the genre, because it is a conventional American film. There was nothing really unique about the narrative because it followed all the codes and the technical analysis, so it didnt reinvent certain generic conventions or new narratives. The type of ending closes the film off and also the ending was effective because it was at a funfair, which connotes the idea of fun and happiness and it also denotes a typical end of school party in America. The characters are realistic and are normal people and they are also authentic and believable characters. The mis-en-scenes have al been constructed in a way that tells me that it is an average high school where there are normal students who go through and do everything normal teenagers go through e.g. dates. The locations are an American diner, a drive in, the driving race and the high school, which signifies that these are all the cool spots where the T-birds and The Pink Ladies hang out. There are not a lot of special effects except for when they are in the car chase and the car lifts off the ground and into a puddle when Danny is about to win the race. The women are represented in different ways especially the popular girls aka The Pink Ladies are shown as different people. For example Rizo is shown as a girl who will sleep with anyone; she puts it as getting her kicks while Im still young. Frenchy is a wanabe beauty stylist and ends up dropping out of high school to go to a beauty school, but after failing all her classes she enrolls back into high school, she is opposite to Rizo because she will not sleep with the first boy she sees. There are not a lot of ethnic minorities in Grease, so some could say its a racist film because it only has white people in it and although it is typical of this era there are few people from other countries in it, but they havent got main parts. There were no narratives that were ineffective because its a comedy the hilarity would overwrite any narrative you put with it. The audience would see through it and still think it was funny. The costumes of the characters match the film because back in the 70s they wore big long skirts and people could wear what they wanted without being judged. The men wore leather trousers and the women wore tight tops and big frilly skirts that whilst you were dancing and spinning the skirt would become a circle. The make up has same effect on the characters because not a lot of high school students would wear a lot of make up so they would put make up on but it would look natural. Different characters were shown in different ways. The popular guys and girls were shown always picking on those who were annoying or unpopular but it wasnt shown that much because they were too busy concentrating on themselves, how they looked and how they would solve there problems so it is an average that they didnt care about anyone but themselves and they were effective and had bourgeois (middle class values; they are very normal). The message that these narratives are trying to publicize is that Grease is a film that everyone can enjoy, but like every film it has its problems and also the purpose of the narrative is to make it seem that the film is funny and musical, but it shows teenagers facing problems that all students and people in general face in everyday life. So theres a contrast between the hilarity and the problems that teenagers go through. The genre and narrative connect together in a way that the narrative connotes a mainstream day and the genre connotes the comedy and romance, and this put together makes the film a funny normal film that anyone could enjoy if they wanted to. The soundtrack gave Grease the musical feel that it needed to become the smash hit was. The synchronization of the visual and the sound of Grease are connected in a way that if there were no visual Grease wouldnt be the great film it turned out to be and visa versa, this is a promotional strategy. In conclusion the target audience would have to be everyone because anyone can watch Grease because they will enjoy the storylines and the optimism. The most effective part about Grease is that there are not really any negative bits that cannot be resolved easily, because all round Grease the different storylines have made practically no mistakes in it. The four typicals are settings, tag names, genre, and narrative. The typical settings are the high school and the diners. The typical tag names is a blonde, an exchange student, the grunger, the rebel, the geek, the beautiful girl, the ugly girl, the stupid parents, the teacher and the popular guy. The typical genre is comedy, romance and a teen movie. Finally the typical narrative is Tzvetan Torodovs 5stages of narrative. The main things that I found out bout Grease was that the narrative and the settings were surprisingly good and the best bit of the film is that it is a mix of genre so it suits everybodys needs and the worse thing would have to be settings because all teen movies are always set in America and I personally think that they should set a Grease like film over in England.

cyber laws essays

cyber laws essays The concept idea of cyber terrorism has always been a great treat for computer technology since the first computer was invented in the late fifties; and grown up with the technology that has developed extremely. The use of the computers within the business and government sector have rapidly increased; this therefore provides a whole new prospect for a distinctive criminal to prosper in most cases. The advances in the computer technology has brought a new methodology in crime. Electronic crime has been responsible for some of the most financially devastating victimizations in society. In the recent past, society has seen different kinds of unauthorized access into classified government computer files, phone card and credit card, and electronic emails. All these crimes are committed in the name of "free speech." These new breed of criminals claim that information should not be suppressed or protected and the information should be freed. They think that the crimes they commit are really not crimes at all. Noone can deny that the internet is the most useful tool for computer abusing. There are many forms of computer abuse and yet they have not come to any solution. Computer crime appears in a number of forms; malicious damage, unlawful trespass and use (theft of computer time), theft of information, unauthorised information, imposturing by computer and pirating computer software, hacking and creating viruses to destroy information systems and hard drives, child pornography, cyber porn, theft of software and copyrights. The computer systems are under attack from a multitude of sources. These varies from viruses and worms, to human threats, such as hackers. These attacks target different characteristics of a system. Viruses and worms attack a system in one of two ways, either internally or externally that both share the primary objective of replication. However, they are different according to techniques they use and their system r...

Barry Hines

Barry Hines Essay Mr Sugden shouts at him for not having his kit, he doesnt understand that Billy and his family are poor and cant afford to buy his kit. From this Mr Sugden bounces a ball on Billys head Mr Sugden bounces the ball on Billys head This is all unnecessary but its the only way Mr Sugden can feel powerful which is a shame. I also believe that the reason he bullies the pupils is because hes insecure about himself and feels thats the only way he can feel good about himself. Mr Sugden treats Billy unfairly compared to the others Well get down then, before I come and make you red hot! And doesnt seem to listen to Billy or the others. Later on in the game a dog comes onto the pitch and Mr Sugden thinks that violence is the key to getting the dog off the pitch Go and fetch half a dozen cricket bats from the game store This shows that Mr Sugden doesnt have a high tolerance level and believes that that shouting and using violence will get him respect but it only creates a barrier between pupil and him as most children are too scared to disagree. I think thats why he treats Billy the way he does as he will answer Mr Sugden back but not in a cheeky manner You dont need cricket bats to do that, sir Mr sugden is very narrow minded and if some one has a different opinion to him then violence will change their mind. Mr Sugden is sarcastic towards Billy Whats the matter Casper are you scared of the ball Mr Sugdens need to humiliate Billy reminds me of Macdowell in the yard. Theres no real difference between the two. The main event that stuck in my mind was when Sugden made Billy take a cold shower because he missed saving a goal The cold water made Billy gasp he also had three boys to block the entrance so he couldnt escape Hey up, shift let me out, you rotten dogs! Mr Sugden took away any dignity that Billy may have had when he did this; the whole class was laughing at him. I believe that this scene would have made the audience want to go and grab Billy out of the shower and put Mr Sugden in it. The boys who are blocking the entrance begin to think they should let him out, however Mr Sugden disagrees Can we let him out now, sir? Hell get pneumonia I though the imagery of the shower scene was very dramatic and showed just how far Mr Sugden would go. This scene really moved me and I felt sorry for Billy in having to be put through that experience. The scene with the youth employment reminded me how much his mother didnt care for him or his future as there was a boy sitting next to him with his mother who was nagging him about his tie An straighten you tie. The boy wished his mother would stop nagging I wish youd stop nagging Whereas Billy would appreciate it if his mother gave the time to nag him because to Billy it would show him that his mother cared. The first thing the employment officer said to Billy was Well come in, lad, if your coming, I havent got all day. This doesnt set a good impression or any mutual respect between Billy and the officer. Billy expresses an interest in working in an office Id be all right working in an office, wouldnt I? Ive a job to read and write Then at the end of the meeting the officer hands him a leaflet to read which shows that he wasnt paying attention to Billy and didnt really care. Billys skills go unrecognised. Overall there were similarities between Billys home life and school life as they were both just as hard and he was mis-judged. However there was one main difference, which was someone, did care about Billy at school, Mr Farthering, who gave him time and attention. READ: Health EssayThis helped Billys confidence and gave him a friend to confide in. Billy discovers a new passion in life when he finds Kes, a kestrel hawk. Billy identifies with her silent strength and she inspires in him the trust and love that nothing else can. Kes is the only thing in life that makes him want to exist in this cruel society that he has been bought up in. He relies on Kes as his escapism to get away from the world. Kes has become a close friend of Billys, His only friend, he confides in him about school and home Hes allus after me allus has been. Like that day last summer when I fetched you, he was after me than When talking to Kes its like the build up of emotions has burst and he lets out what he is feeling freely. This is unusual for Billy has he finds it hard to express what hes feeling. Even though Billy doesnt receive any love or affection he still knows how to give it to others which shows that his mother and brother havent ruined his emotional status completely. The writer was very descriptive when writing about Kes and Billy to show the reader how immersed he is with her The hawk flapped her wings and fanned her tail, her claws still gripping the glove. Throughout the story Billy only seems happy when hes with his bird. Kes is his only enjoyment in life, his only luxury. It seems that when hes with Kes to him its like living in rich mans world for once. He feels safe and secure. In a sense I feel that the bird is seen as an image of Billys dad because when Billy found out that Kes was dead he had flashbacks of his dad. It infers that losing Kes was like the loss he felt when his dad was no longer around Where are you goin dad? The writer compares the loss of the bird and Billys dad in detail and uses flashbacks to show the reader the comparison between the two. The language Hines uses creates a more realistic image of Billy and his life. He uses slang shit to make it more personalised and to make the reader feel as though they are theyre with Billy through the story. Hines uses detail when writing about Billys more happily times like when he is with Kes and when he refers to his dad and the tall story. Hines uses a Yorkshire accent to make it more real tday, which helps create a more defined image of the characters. The whole novel is based on just one day in Billys life Hines does this by using flashbacks to show in depth what the characters are like so that the reader has a better understanding of what the characters personalities really like. Hines uses short sentence to create effect and emphasise the normality of Billys daily routine Billy left the shop. Therefore I conclude that living in poverty does have an effect on peoples attitudes and how they respond to others, the harshness of their lives portray in their behaviour to others. This book really shows how much teaching has changed, I believe for the better, since the 1960s. As in the school life we see in this book the teachers enjoy the power and humiliating the children, whereas nowadays most teachers aim in their career is to make a difference and to help as much as they can. I believe that Hines shows how harsh and cold life can be and can make us more fortunate people appreciate life more and not take food and peoples kindness for granted.

Should We Cry for Argentina Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Should We Cry for Argentina - Case Study Example The peso had initially been pegged to the dollar to increase the popularity of the domestic currency following a hyperinflation that had led to demand of payments in dollars back in the 1990s. Local companies blamed their defaults on new requirements that all money sent abroad had to have the central bank’s authorization, a process that proved to be too slow. Increased taxes on exporters and cash-rich firms, and inability to obtain money to pay foreign suppliers intensified the local companies’ struggles. International companies faced rising debts and losses from their Argentine operations as the peso continued its decline. Aerolineas Argentinas, an Argentine airline company, was forced to cancel all of its international flights due to the economical crisis that saw it barely escape bankruptcy in 2002. The rising inflation resulted in a significant increase in commodity prices thus making lives of ordinary difficult. People opted to spend on much cheaper goods than before. It is however reported that the inflation prompted the Argentines to spend rather than save and see their money depreciate in value (Agren). Rates of unemployment soared and poverty ensued too and by the 2012 purchasing power was at an all time

The Machinations of International Trade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Machinations of International Trade - Essay Example The UK has not ratified the Vienna Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (the Convention)2 which places the UK in an anomalous position vis-à  -vis its primary trading partners, often leading to pressure to accept the law of a contracting party that is a signatory to the Convention3. This has led to a marked difference between the approach in international trade law to contract termination and buyer remedies under the Convention, in contrast to the position under CIF and FOB contracts, where the role of documents is paramount to obligations of the trading parties4. Firstly, with regard to the certificate of origin, under CIF contracts, the part of the seller’s primary obligation is to ensure goods, deliver them to the shipping company and arrange for freight of goods5. Arguably most important is the bill of lading, which is essentially a transport document and covers movement by sea and constitutes documents of title and evidence as to who has the title, which is vital to obligations under CIF and FOB contracts6. If a bill of lading is consigned to a named party, they are known as â€Å"straight consigned†7. Moreover, bills of lading can be categorized according to the mode of transport specified under the contract8. For example, marine bills of lading cover shipment by sea and can be issued by the shipping company, captain or master of the vessel or party acting as agents for the carrier9. Alternatively, the â€Å"received for shipment† bill of lading pieces of evidence receipt of goods by the issuer, however, does not evidence that goods are en route10. Finally, â€Å"shipped on board† bills of lading constitute evidence.

Electromagnetic radiation Essay Example for Free

Electromagnetic radiation Essay Electromagnetic waves are disturbances caused by the oscillation of charged particles. It consists of two parts, an electric field and a magnetic field oscillating perpendicular to each other. The wave is self-sustaining, and propagates at a direction perpendicular to both the electric field and magnetic field. There is a whole spectrum of electromagnetic waves. The ones with the longest wavelengths (range: 1 cm-1km) are the radio waves. After the radio waves, microwaves have the next longest wavelength (range: 1mm-10cm). Then, we have the infrared waves (range: 1 µm-1mm), followed by light (range: 400nm-700nm), ultraviolet rays (range: 1nm-100nm), x-rays (range: 0. 1nm-10nm), and gamma rays, which have the shortest wavelengths amongst the different electromagnetic radiations (range: 0. 01nm-0. 1nm). b. How you determine the temperature, composition, and motion of an object from its light spectrum? Different elements emit and absorb light waves differently. Hence, when viewed through a spectroscope, different elements will have different spectral patterns. The object’s composition is obtained from noting which spectral lines are present or absent. We can also determine the density of the object depending on the amount of lines present in the spectrum. The more lines and the more continuous the spectrum, the denser is the material. On the other hand, the temperature of the object will affect the shapes spectral lines emitted by the object. If objects have high temperatures, their spectral lines will be broader, that is, it is spread over more frequencies than if it had lower temperature. To determine temperature, Finally, the Doppler Shift tells us the motion of the object, whether it is moving away or toward us, and with what speed. When the observed object is moving toward us, the spectral lines we observe occur at shorter wavelengths when we compare it to those measured in the laboratory. This is called â€Å"blueshifted. † On the other hand, if the object is moving away from us we observe the lines to occur at longer wavelengths. In this case we say that the lines are â€Å"redshifted. † The amount of shifting will determine the speed of motion. c. In what way do astronomers infer that the Sun’s energy comes from nuclear fusion reactions? How do we know it does not come from chemical burning? Even though both nuclear fusions and chemical reactions result in the release of energy, nuclear fusions release much more energy than chemical reactions. This is due to the nature of each reaction. Given that the energy that the sun produces is extremely high, it is impossible that chemical reactions are fuelling it, for if that were the case, then the sun will not be producing enough energy to sustain life on Earth. If it were chemical reactions powering it, it would be producing roughly one-millionth of the energy it is producing now. d. Explain how the Sun produces energy by nuclear fusion. Because of the amount of matter present in the sun, it is in danger of imploding. What keeps this from happening, however, is the nuclear fusion that occurs in its core, which is so hot because of the pressure from its mass that is being pulled inwards by gravity. In the core, hydrogen nuclei are forced to come together. This fusion creates helium-4 and energy. Since the resulting He-4 atoms are less massive than the initial hydrogen atoms that fused together, the missing mass is what was transformed into energy. This is best explained by the most famous equation in Physics, E=mc2, which states the equivalence of mass and energy. e. When we look at stars in the sky, we see a wide range of brightness. Explain the factors that would make one star appear brighter than another. There are two factors that affect the brightness of stars in the sky. The first one is the inherent characteristic of the star, which dictates how absolutely bright or luminous it will be. The second factor that affects the way we see stars is their distance from the earth. The farther they are, the dimmer they would appear. This is because the light they emit would need to pass through interstellar matter that could disperse, absorb or reflect the light in different directions. f. Compare the Sun with other stars. The Sun is called such by virtue of its position, that is, it is in the center of the solar system. Technically, however, the sun is also a star. It differs from other stars in its size, temperature, age, and color. The Sun is a dwarf star, about 4. 5 billion years old, and is classified as â€Å"yellow,† which means that it has an average temperature of about 6000 K. Hotter stars are classified as blue-white, while cooler stars are red. g. Consider a star at the upper part of the main sequence (label it Star A) and a star in the lower part of the main sequence (label it Star B). Which is: 1) Larger? Star A 2) More luminous? Star A 3) More massive? Star A 4) Hotter? Star A h. Compare the life spans of low mass stars and high mass stars. Explain why they are different. The life span of low mass stars is longer than the life spans of high mass stars. The reason for this is that the higher the mass of the star, the more hydrogen is needed to undergo fusion to keep the star from collapsing under its own gravitational force. i. What would an imaginary terrestrial observer see as the Sun runs out of hydrogen? If life is confined to Earth when this happens, would life perish from heat or from cold? Explain. As the Sun runs out of hydrogen fuel, it will start consuming helium. This leads to the sun increasing in radius, eventually turning it into a red giant. When this happens, the sun will grow so large that it can engulf the earth. Life on Earth would perish from extreme heat. When the helium runs out, however, the sun will shrink to a white dwarf. The reason for this is that the sun is too small to continue burning elements larger than helium. j. What kind of stars eventually become white dwarfs? What kind eventually become supernovae? What will be the ultimate fate of the Sun? Why? A white dwarf is an extremely dense star, with the mass of the sun and the size of the earth. It is composed of the remnants of stellar matter, which is mostly carbon and oxygen. In order to turn into a white dwarf, stars need to have a size of about 0. 07-10 times that of the sun. On the other hand, a supernova is formed when a massive star consumes all of its nuclear fuel and thus collapses under its gravitational field. Because of the high gravitational force that causes its collapse, the dead star suddenly explodes. A star that is about 8-10 times more massive than the sun will end its life as a supernova. The ultimate fate of the sun is to become a white dwarf. The reason for this is that the sun is not very massive to turn into a supernova, thus lacking the critical mass that would cause it to collapse under its own weight.

Flowers For Algernon :: essays research papers

Algernon is a mouse. He's a special mouse, Charlie Gordon is told, and it must be true, because whenever Charlie and Algernon run a race (Algernon is in a real maze; Charlie has a pencil-and-paper version), Algernon wins. How did that mouse get to be so special, Charlie wonders? The answer is that Algernon's IQ has been tripled by an experimental surgical procedure. The scientists who performed the experiment now need a human subject to test, and Charlie has been recommended to them by his night-school teacher, Miss Kinnian. Charlie's a good candidate for the procedure, because even though he currently has an I.Q. of only 68, he is willing, highly motivated and eager to learn. He's convinced that if he could only learn to read and write, the secret of being smart would be revealed to him. Charlie wants to be smart because he works as a janitor in a factory where he has many friends, but even as he goes along with their hijinks, he suspects his friends mock him. The opportunity to be made smart--really smart--is irresistible, even though there's a chance that the results of the operation will only be temporary. Because Charlie wants his co-workers to accept him. And therein lies the tale. Charlie does indeed get smarter. He struggles to absorb as much knowledge as he can in whatever time he has. He suggests a new way to line up the machines at the factory, saving the owner tens of thousands of dollars a year in operating costs, and the owner gives him a $25 bonus. But when Charlie suggests to his factory friends that he could use his bonus to treat them to lunch or a drink, they have other things to do. Charlie's too smart for them now. He's even smart enough to assist with the research on intelligence enhancement. He's smart enough to suddenly perceive Miss Kinnian with new eyes...and fall in love. Everybody is Charlie Flowers for Algernon is such a beloved classic that it has remained in print since 1959 and is now in its 58th edition. It has received science fiction's highest honors, the Hugo and Nebula Awards. It's been translated into dozens of languages, adapted for TV, and performed on stage. Cliff Robertson won an Oscar for his performance in the 1968 movie version, Charly. Everybody loves Charlie's story because Charlie is so vulnerable, so representative of readers' internal desires to fit in, to be smart, to have friends, to love. Everyone carries the ancient baggage of childhood, a time when others (adults, older children) were the keepers of the secret knowledge of the world. The revelation of Charlie's raw hopes and dreams

Revenue Cycle and Control Activities Essay

The revenue cycle for many companies is considered the primary source to earn revenue from the sale of goods or service. Good controls must be established to maintain the effectiveness of receivables and credit sales, not doing so can harm the company and might be costly to the business. Six classes of internal controls guides us in evaluating and designing transaction processing. They are authorization, supervision, segregation of duties, access control, independent verification, and accounting records. We will discuss each department that is involved in the revenue cycle, it’s activities, and control activities.The first section discusses the departments that make the revenue cycle , starting with Sales Department and ending with Billing Department, knowingly that collections must be received and adjustments must be made. The second section discusses the six activities mentioned earlier. Departments The revenue cycle is composed of five independent (in activities and personnel) departments that are required to make function and make a sale. Each department carry out it’s own, and every department depends on the the preceding department in order to function properly. An additional two activities must be considered in the revenue cycle are collection of receivables and adjustments to sales and receivables. Sales Department Every sales process starts with receiving a customer purchase order- by mail, in person, or telephone. Thus controlling the customer’s orders is carefully done, and operating procedures must be maintained in an adequate manners. The department then identifies and reviews items and quantities to determine whether the order can be placed, then they prepare The Sales Order. The sales order is not the standard format that the seller’s order processing system needs. The sales order has vital information, such as the customer’s name account number, description of the items sold quantities, and prices. A copy of sales order is placed in the open order file, the customer getting the ordered goods might take days or even weeks. The customer might check about the status of his or her order, order file is updated every time the status of the order changes .It also sets instructions to guide various divisions and department, including credit, finished goods, shipping, billing, and accounts receivable units. Credit Approval Department To provide independence to the credit authorization process, the credit department is organizationally and physically separate from the Sales Department. The credit approval department receives a copy of the sales order from the sales department. The document received serves as an authorization to preform a client credit check. The check includes investigating new customers’ ability to pay and creditworthiness, and a line of credit is established. Typically new checking new customers take time more that existing customers. A good control activity is a limit test, which measures the customer have unused credit. This process set an upper limit that the customer must not pass, if passing it the purchase order by the customer will be denied. Warehouse Procedures After a credit check has been performed and approved, and a sales order is received. The warehouse is responsible of issuing merchandise and items that were mentioned in the sales order to the shipping department. In a typical company that have finished goods in it’s inventory, this inventory is supervised and controlled by a storekeeper. He is responsible for issuing the goods. Another control activity must be done is updating the inventory records by the accountant, not by the storekeeper. This separation of duty prevents theft of inventory. The Shipping department When receiving the finished goods from the warehouse, the shipping clerk must reconcile the products received from the warehouse with the products mentioned in the sales order. This is an important control activity, which ensures send the right products and quantities to the customer who ordered them. Then this department prepares shipping documents , such as the bill of lading as they are loaded into the carrier- cars, trucks etc. These documents numerically controlled and are entered in a shipping register before being forwarded to the billing department. A gate control is done when shipments are made by truck, this ensure that goods have been recorded as shipments. The clerk enters these transaction and sends a shipping notice and stock release to the billing department. The Billing Department Upon receiving the Shipping notice and stock release from the shipping department, a sales invoice with any relevant information about the transactions and bills the customer. Billing departments are responsible of serially numbered shipping documents, comparing documents received from other departments, entering data from sales orderers and purchase order on the sales invoice, applying prices and discount to the invoice, make extensions and footing, accumulating total amounts. Controls should be done to ensure the accuracy of sales invoice before sending them to the customer, such as a second person review. The billing clerk enters the transaction into the sales journal and send the documents to the account receivables and inventory control department. Collection of Receivables Most receivables are either consisted of checks, and remittance advice and collected through the mail. The cashier is responsible for checks and depositing them, and the remittance advice will be forwarded to the account receivable or the data processing department, which will be recorded in the appropriate accounts. Reductions in the AR are posted periodically to the general ledger control account. Adjustments to Sales and Receivables All adjustments to sales for allowances, returns, and write-offs of account receivables should be supported by a credit memo which is serially numbered. This memo must be signed by an employee having no cash handling duties or maintenance over the customers’ ledger. Good Internal controls require that goods must be checked and examined before a credit is given, and the memo should have the serial number of the receiving report on the returned shipment. The treasurer give grant the credit manager the authorization to initiate the process of uncollectible receivable write off. Updating Inventory Records The inventory control function updates the inventory subsidiary from the information included in the stock release document which was prepared by the the warehouse. In a typical perpetual system, every item has it’s own record in the ledger containing data, such as units sold, units received m reorder point, EOQ, and standard cost. The stock release document decrease the amount of the inventory. Over a period of time the total reduction in inventory is summarized in a journal voucher and sent to the general ledger function. Revenue Cycle controls As mention earlier every department of the revenue cycle must have it’s own controls over is activities, doing so might prevent theft, error, fraud, and enhancing the it’s operations. Six controls are to be covered in this section regarding various department and activities in the revenue cycle Transaction authorization this ensure that valid transactions are processed only, and it include credit check and return policy for sales processing and remittance list for cash receipts. Credit Check as mentioned is function carry out by the credit department. This department might uses various test and techniques to determine if the customer is trust worthy or not. Different procedures and done to do credit check, depending on the organization, its relationship with the customer, and the materiality of the transactions. Approving for a new customer might take longer time that existing customer, and a decision that falls within the employee authority may be done quickly. However credit check must be done with consistency of the company’s policy. Return Policy is also a credit department task, the returns must be authorized by this department before receiving them. the nature of the sales and the circumstances determine the authorization granted. Again policies set by the organization, such as cash refunds, must be taken into consideration for granting returns. Remittance List verifies that customers checks and remittance advice match. This reconciliation might detect errors, such as an extra remittance advice or and absence of a customers’ check, it also might detect a difference between checks and remittances. This list authorizes the posting of a remittance advice to a customer’s account. Segregation of Duties it ensure that separate individual and department processes the transactions. The size and type of an organization affect this type of control, for instance a personally own small business might not need this kind of control, because the owner is the management. The revenue cycle has three rules about the system designers. First, transaction authorization should be separate from transaction processing, such as the warehouse department. The warehouse department cannot issue goods without the confirmation of the credit and the sales department. Second, asset custody should be separate from the task of asset record keeping. For instance, the warehouse department has physical custody over it’s inventory, but the inventory control is in charge of maintaining the record of inventory levels. Last, the organization must be structured so that fraud require collision between two or more individuals. This means that task should be separated, such as different record keeping individuals. An employee with a total record keeping responsibility, in a collusion with an other employee with custody might commit fraud. Separating task needs more people to commit fraud. Supervision is considered a compensating control for companies who have little number of employees to make a segregation of duties. Supervising those employees detects error made, and inadequate functions. This tool is used also in system with a good segregation function. For instance the mail room is a good place to commit theft for check received, cashing it, and destroying and evidence relating to the theft. Although this might be detected when complaints made by a customer about billing him again, but the best solution is preventing it from the beginning. Therefor a good supervision over employees is considered a good prevention control. Accounting Records this control activity describes how a firm’s documents, journals, and ledgers form the system in various stages of processing. It’s also an important feature of well-designed accounting systems. Prenumbered Documents, are sequentially numbered documents that allow every transaction to be uniquely identified. Tracking event related to documents through t system is easy. Special Journals, The revenue cycle uses a specific journals, such as sales journal and the cash receipts journal. Special journal groups similar transactions into a specific journal. Subsidiary Ledgers, there’s two subsidiary ledgers in the revenue cycle, the inventory and accounts receivables subsidiary ledgers. They provide links to the documents used to capture the events related to each subsidiary. General Ledgers, these are the basis for every accounting system, and for the preparation of every financial statement. Sales, Inventory, Cost of goods sold, AR, and cash are affected by the revenue cycle’s transactions. Files, temporary and permanent files are opened as a result from the revenue cycle. Some examples are, sales order files, shipping log, credit records file, back order file, journal vouchers, . Access Controls it’s used to grant authorization and permission to employee and access to the firm’s assets, such as the physical assets, cash and inventories. Ways in protecting these assets are: warehouse security, Daily cash deposits, safe/night deposit box, using safes. Access control over information involves restricting access to documents that control physical assets, such as journals and ledgers. Examples of the access risk: Removing one’s account from Account receivables ledger, do so he company can’t send the customer monthly statements. Access to sales order might trigger unauthorized shipment of a product. Access to general ledger and cash might steal and cover it up by adjusting the ledgers. Independent Verification the main reason independent verification is to verify and assure how accurate and complete the tasks are. Independent verification occur at various point is the process, so that errors are detected and dealt with quickly. Independent Verification in the revenue cycle occur at the following points. First, The shipping department reconciled the goods sent from warehouse with the quantity and type ordered by the customer. this is done by reconciling the stock release document with the packing slip. Second, The billing department reconciles sales ordered with the shipping notice to ensure sending the right invoice with the quantities and prices ordered by the customer. Last, Before posting to any control accounts, the general ledger function reconciles various journal vouchers and summary reports which were prepared independently. Other Controls include verifying approved buyer, this is not frequently used, but sometimes a purchase order might be completed and signed by and unauthorized person from the client company. Stamp approval on sales order. It is possible for sales orders to be fraudulently routed around the credit department and sent to the warehouse,s o an approval stamp to be used on each sales order. Prenumber sales order forms. Only prenumbered sales order documents should be used. By doing so, the company can track which sales order numbers did not reach the billing department, which may indicate that a delivery was not invoiced. Lock up unused sales order forms. It is possible for someone to enter an order to a shell company on an unused sales order form, fraudulently stamp it as approved by the credit department, and route it to the warehouse as authorization for a delivery. References. 1. Whittington, O.Ray, and Pany,Kurt.(2001).Principles of Auditing and other assurance services.13th edition.New York: Irwin. 2. Hermanson, Roger, and Strawser, Jerry, and Strawser, Robert.(1989).Auditing Theory and Practice.5th edition. Boston: Irwin. 3. Bragg, Steven. 2009. Accounting Control: Best Practices. New Jersey: Wiley & Sons Inc. 4. Hall, James. Accounting Information Systems. 7th edition. Ohio. Cengage Learning. 5. Wilkinson, Joseph and Cerullo, Micheal and Wong-on-Wing, Bernard and Raval, Vasant .2000 .Accounting Information Systems: Essential Concepts and Applications.Wiley 6. Mooney, Kate. 2008. The essential accounting dictionary. 1st edition. Illinois: Sphinx Publishing, An imprint of sourcebooks, inc.

Daddy by Sylvia Plath

The poem â€Å"Daddy† by Sylvia Plath paints a great picture of a daughter and her Nazi father, but this poem is more than just that. It symbolizes the relationship that they once had, and how it has affected her throughout her whole life. This poem also shows a very generalized depiction of how women see men who have treated them not so greatly. Although Sylvia’s father was German, he was not a Nazi, which is how she depicted him in her poem â€Å"Daddy,† She imagines her father as an ordinary man when she states: â€Å"You stand at the blackboard, daddy, in the picture I have of you. A cleft in you chin instead of your foot but no less a devil for that, no not any less the black man who bit my pretty red heart in two, I was ten when they buried you. At twenty I tried to die and get back, back, back to you.† This â€Å"ordinary man,† in her eyes, has turned into a devil that broke her heart. He treated her poorly, or so that this is impression that we get when she tells us that she was treated like a â€Å"Jew in Dachau.† Having a father figure in one’s life is very important in how that person grows up, and in what type of person they become, as they grow older. Sylvia’s father had a great deal influence in her life, both for the good and the bad. But, she has always been scared of her father by the way he treated her. This may have been one of the biggest reasons why she was suicidal, and why many people considered her crazy. You can tell that Sylvia very much has had a love-hate relationship with her father throughout her whole life, and we can tell that she has always wanted to love her father. But, her relationship and her memories of her father all seem to go downhill, even after he had died. In writing this poem, Sylvia may be trying to dismiss her memories of her father, and finally let go of the fact that he is dead. She is clearly not over her father’s death at the time this poem was written, which was twenty-two years after the event. Sylvia attempts to show that her relationship with her father was a love-hate relationship many times in this poem. To prove the hate side of the relationship, she states â€Å"Daddy, I have had to kill you. You died before I had time,† in the first stanza, in the eleventh stanza, â€Å"No less a devil for that, no not any less the black man who bit my pretty red heart in two,† and in the last stanza, â€Å"Daddy, daddy, you bastard, I’m through.† To prove that she loved her father she states, â€Å"I used to pray to recover you† in the third stanza, and â€Å"At twenty I tried to die and get back, back, back to you† in the twelfth stanza. Many people say that they have a love-hate relationship with someone close to them, but I think it is rare if it ever reaches the severity of Sylvia’s relationship with her father. We see many different events of Sylvia’s relationship with her father in this poem, and although he died when she was eight, she seems to remember much of that time in her life. This could mean two things, either she is blowing her relationship with her father way out of proportion, or this relationship really was terrible. Either way, she is putting the issue on a pedestal, and letting it affect her much more than it should. Most suicidal people tend to think that the issue that they are dealing with is not worth living with. Life is precious, whether we believe it or not. No issue should affect us so greatly that we do not want to live life anymore. I am not trying to mock, but I honestly feel that people who are suicidal are just trying to get attention, but that’s a different topic for a different paper. On another note, this poem assumes that all Germans were people who hated Jews, and were Nazis. She writes, â€Å"I thought every German was you.† Sylvia has made the same mistake that many people have made since before World War II. Not all Germans were Nazis, just as all Russian soldiers in the Red Army were not considered Communist, although Russia was a communist country at the time. That is one assumption that this poem makes that is false. Emotions are what drive us to sanity's edge and the effects are far greater than what you would expect out of mere feelings. Unfortunately, Sylvia Plath committed suicide not long after this poem has been written. This poem shows her feelings regarding that of her father throughout her life, and we can only hope that she and her father are in a much more peaceful state now.

Word Choice Rack vs. Wrack

Word Choice Rack vs. Wrack Word Choice: Rack vs. Wrack Neither â€Å"rack† nor â€Å"wrack† are common words these days. However, they are used in some common terms and phrases. And since they sound identical, it’s easy to get them mixed up. To avoid errors in your written work, then, check out our guide to using â€Å"rack† and â€Å"wrack† correctly. Rack (Strain and Storage) The more common word here is â€Å"rack.† It comes from a Middle Dutch word meaning â€Å"stretch out,† which makes sense when you know that one use of â€Å"rack† is a type of torture device: He refused to confess even after a day on the rack. People would use a â€Å"rack† to stretch their victims, so the word has since become associated with causing pain, strain, and distress. It doesnt look fun. We also see that sense of pain and distress in the verb form of this term: His shoulder was racked with pain. This is also the sense of â€Å"rack† we see in â€Å"nerve-racking,† which implies being mentally strained. Oddly, though, the idea of a wooden frame for stretching something also gave us a fairly innocent use of this term. In this case, it refers to a framework used for storing something: Finally, put the cake on a wire rack until it is cool. In case you were wondering, we would choose this kind of â€Å"rack† if we had to spend time on one. Wrack (An Old-Fashioned Word for â€Å"Wreck†) â€Å"Wrack† comes from a Middle Dutch word meaning â€Å"shipwreck.† This link to destruction reflects how the word is still used today. For instance: Clouds roiled in the storm-wracked skies. The phrase â€Å"storm-wracked† here literally means â€Å"wrecked by a storm.† Likewise, you may see â€Å"wrack† used in the phrase â€Å"wrack and ruin,† which also refers to destruction. Storm-wracked skies. However, â€Å"wrack† has commonly been confused with â€Å"rack,† especially in situations where â€Å"rack† means causing pain or distress. As such, â€Å"wrack† is often accepted as a variant spelling of the verb form of â€Å"rack.† For example, we can say â€Å"wracked with pain† as well as â€Å"racked with pain.† But keep in mind that â€Å"rack† and â€Å"wrack† are only interchangeable when used as a verb. If you are referring to a torture device or a framework used for storage, â€Å"wrack† would be incorrect. Rack or Wrack? Most of the time, â€Å"rack† will be correct. However, â€Å"wrack† is now widely accepted as a variant spelling when used as a verb. And the traditional uses of these terms are as follows: A â€Å"rack† is a torture device, so as a verb it usually means â€Å"torture† or â€Å"cause distress.† However, as a noun, a rack can also be a frame used for storage (e.g., a â€Å"spice rack†). â€Å"Wrack† is an old-fashioned word for â€Å"wreck.† It is traditionally used to describe a shipwreck and associated with destruction. Generally, the main place you will need â€Å"wrack† is in phrases like â€Å"wrack and ruin† and â€Å"storm-wracked.† The word â€Å"rack,† meanwhile, appears in terms like â€Å"nerve-racking.† If you need help making sure you’ve used these words correctly, get in touch today.

Employment and Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Employment and Society - Essay Example It is in best interest of society as well as economy to avoid redundancy as much as it is possible. To have economic growth one needs to avoid the redundancy, cut down on the numbers that need to be redundant and devise some strategies that will keep the society prepared to mitigate the losses caused by redundancies. It is in best advantage of the employer to avoid redundancies in general and gender redundancy in particular as it calls for hate crime and discrimination. An effective way to tackle the redundancy is to collectively address it and on occasional basis consult with the trade and organization unions. The employers must discuss with the worker’s representatives parties and with mutual consent should reach some agreements so that there would be a win-win situation for both parties(Godwin, 2010). Some of the nasty situations that cam give rise to redundancies are increased over-times but with pay freezes. These situations can be avoided by reducing work hours, re-training of employees in case of new and improved business cycle, recruitment cycle freezing in time of recession and finally giving both genders equal chances to get the employment.(Davis, 2010) Employers must give the worker’s representative the number of employees that need to be redundant, the proposals for them in return, the pay scales and time scale that are offering at the certain level of the redundancy. The consultation should reach an agreement and no decisions shall be made before the consultation actually takes place. Retaining employees is far less costly than hiring and developing new employees. Every organization can give it a try though how a particular organization can avoid redundancies is purely dependent up on certain aspects such as the structure of organization, the forecasting that how long it will be down turn for you, the type and nature of work employees are engaged in and impact of profitability on credit crunch. Some of

Are online courses taught responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Are online courses taught responsibility - Essay Example One of the areas where it has exerted great changes is in education whereby, learning activity has changed from more interactive face-to-face learning to a less interactive online learning environment also referred to as e-learning (Sandel, 2007). This form of training is gaining popularity across the globe due to increasing use of internet and need to streamline the flow of information in all sectors of the economy. This has resulted to student’s reliance on computer from their own places of convenience as opposed to classroom culture where students interact with their teachers and their colleagues (Tait, 2003). However, this approach of teaching has raised concern of morality regarding the competence and fairness of online tutorials in fulfilling the essence of learning to the students. This system may still disadvantage some learners who may lack access to online tutorials due to high cost of connection and other materials (Howar, Schenk, & Discenza, 2004). This study will focus on different moral rules to assess the efficiency of online teaching to the distance learners. Education should contribute to equality of all students from various backgrounds by making it available and affordable to all. â€Å"Utilitarianism theory of ethics,† requires individuals to k\make their own decisions based on what they consider best for them (Sandel, 2007). Therefore, individuals can chose between online and classroom approach depending which method will satisfy their needs best. Electronic learning offers equality to many families as opposed to traditional methods of attending their studies in a classroom (Bates, 2005). This is because all students face equal treatment in case of online learning and is not biased compared to face-to-face learning where students attend different learning institutions based on their social status (Tait, 2003). However, this may turn out to be inaccessible by some students who cannot afford to pay for the services. Traditionally,